The Lake Mead water level is still rising in August, when it is ALWAYS falling. So snow melt is not the

GasGuzzler wrote:

IBdaMann wrote:
Let me know if you have any questions.

I do have a question. How is a glass of water heated by a microwave? Per your explanation, very few if any photons would be able to reach the center because they are literally all hitting water. My guess would be the outside is warmed first and the remaining by conduction. Correct? Obviously there would also be some movement and mixing inside the glass..

IBdaMann wrote:

GasGuzzler wrote:

IBdaMann wrote:
Let me know if you have any questions.

I do have a question. How is a glass of water heated by a microwave? Per your explanation, very few if any photons would be able to reach the center because they are literally all hitting water. My guess would be the outside is warmed first and the remaining by conduction. Correct? Obviously there would also be some movement and mixing inside the glass..

Incorrect, statistically speaking.

First, you are entirely correct that water heated by microwaves will then heat surrounding water via conduction. Also, before Into the Night jumps in and mentions it, water heated by microwaves will then heat water above it via convection.

But returning to the microwaves specifically, you are assuming that a very low probability equals a zero probability, and this is an error, and the basis for many a base-rate fallacy.

Concept: What is the probability of rolling twenty 6-sided die and getting all "5"s?
What is the probability of getting all "5"s if you roll those twenty die 34-quintillion times? Would a better question be "How many 'all fives' should you expect on average if you roll those twenty die 34-quintillion times?"?

Yes, there are many water molecules in a glass of water, resulting in a very low probability of any particular photon getting all fives and reaching the center, but the microwave oven is pumping in orders of magnitude more photons than the inverse of that probability ... meaning that a better question for you to be asking is "how many microwave photons end up making it to the center?".

Swan wrote: The only concept that you know is pot smoking

Swan wrote:
The only concept that you know is pot smoking

IBdaMann wrote:

GasGuzzler wrote:

IBdaMann wrote:
Let me know if you have any questions.

I do have a question. How is a glass of water heated by a microwave? Per your explanation, very few if any photons would be able to reach the center because they are literally all hitting water. My guess would be the outside is warmed first and the remaining by conduction. Correct? Obviously there would also be some movement and mixing inside the glass..

Incorrect, statistically speaking.

First, you are entirely correct that water heated by microwaves will then heat surrounding water via conduction. Also, before Into the Night jumps in and mentions it, water heated by microwaves will then heat water above it via convection.

But returning to the microwaves specifically, you are assuming that a very low probability equals a zero probability, and this is an error, and the basis for many a base-rate fallacy.

Concept: What is the probability of rolling twenty 6-sided die and getting all "5"s?
What is the probability of getting all "5"s if you roll those twenty die 34-quintillion times? Would a better question be "How many 'all fives' should you expect on average if you roll those twenty die 34-quintillion times?"?

Yes, there are many water molecules in a glass of water, resulting in a very low probability of any particular photon getting all fives and reachinge center, but the microwave oven is pumping in orders of magnitude more photons than the inverse of that probability ... meaning that a better question for you to be asking is "how many microwave photons end up making it to the center?".

IBdaMann wrote:

Swan wrote: The only concept that you know is pot smoking

I always appreciate declarations of what I don't know. What is interesting in this case is the accompanying declaration of something that I know, which I don't.

Pot smoking is a talent that I have never had.

You truly bungled this one.

.

GasGuzzler wrote:Am I not thinking of this to proper scale? If I pass in between 2 cars and destroy the 3 by impact (it's OK, it was a Prius) then I passed through a gap. See what I'm saying? Can you explain this in layman's terms form me? I need a floatie.

IBdaMann wrote:

GasGuzzler wrote:Am I not thinking of this to proper scale? If I pass in between 2 cars and destroy the 3 by impact (it's OK, it was a Prius) then I passed through a gap. See what I'm saying? Can you explain this in layman's terms form me? I need a floatie.

Sure. Let's imagine once again that you are a microwave photon. You find that you have no steering wheel. You fly straight through space.

As you fly through space, admiring how straight you fly, you approach a one-meter diameter water molecule about two kilometers off your starboard bow, prompting you to check your monitor. Sure enough, you have entered the water meteor field whereby each water molecule is one meter in diameter, and on average they are roughly 30-kilometers apart. So vast is the space between them that, as you enter the water, you begin to think that you could fly forever without ever hitting one. But then you do some quick math and realize that given the distance you will traveling through the water field, it's pretty much a guarantee that you will hit one, with "sooner" being more likely than "later."

Now, let's run through the same example, but from a quantum mechanics perspective:

As you fly through space, admiring how straight you fly, you approach the water nebula cloud up ahead, as plain as day. It looks kind of like a vast monochromatic heat map that spans the horizon. You know this is going to be bad because each water molecule is itself invisible, existing as only a range of probabilities that it exists at any given point, a range that spans out kilometers in all directions, reaching into and mixing with the ranges of possibilities of the other equally invisible molecules, whose electrons and protons are themselves ebbing and surging ranges of existence probabilities.

This is bad because even if you had the capability of swerving to avoid a molecule in your path, the only way to know where one is ... is to collide with it ... which then alters its location and you no longer know where it is or in which direction it is now floating. But the "heat map" field still retains its awesome beauty.

IBdaMann wrote:

GasGuzzler wrote:

IBdaMann wrote:
Let me know if you have any questions.

I do have a question. How is a glass of water heated by a microwave? Per your explanation, very few if any photons would be able to reach the center because they are literally all hitting water. My guess would be the outside is warmed first and the remaining by conduction. Correct? Obviously there would also be some movement and mixing inside the glass..

Incorrect, statistically speaking.

First, you are entirely correct that water heated by microwaves will then heat surrounding water via conduction. Also, before Into the Night jumps in and mentions it, water heated by microwaves will then heat water above it via convection.

But returning to the microwaves specifically, you are assuming that a very low probability equals a zero probability, and this is an error, and the basis for many a base-rate fallacy.

IBdaMann wrote:
Concept: What is the probability of rolling twenty 6-sided die and getting all "5"s?

Approximately 120 to 1 against (or 0.8333%).
What is the probability of getting all "5"s if you roll those twenty die 34-quintillion times?

IBdaMann wrote:
Would a better question be "How many 'all fives' should you expect on average if you roll those twenty die 34-quintillion times?"?

IBdaMann wrote:
Yes, there are many water molecules in a glass of water, resulting in a very low probability of any particular photon getting all fives and reaching the center,

IBdaMann wrote:
but the microwave oven is pumping in orders of magnitude more photons than the inverse of that probability ... meaning that a better question for you to be asking is "how many microwave photons end up making it to the center?".

Swan wrote:

IBdaMann wrote:

GasGuzzler wrote:

IBdaMann wrote:
Let me know if you have any questions.

I do have a question. How is a glass of water heated by a microwave? Per your explanation, very few if any photons would be able to reach the center because they are literally all hitting water. My guess would be the outside is warmed first and the remaining by conduction. Correct? Obviously there would also be some movement and mixing inside the glass..

Incorrect, statistically speaking.

First, you are entirely correct that water heated by microwaves will then heat surrounding water via conduction. Also, before Into the Night jumps in and mentions it, water heated by microwaves will then heat water above it via convection.

But returning to the microwaves specifically, you are assuming that a very low probability equals a zero probability, and this is an error, and the basis for many a base-rate fallacy.

Concept: What is the probability of rolling twenty 6-sided die and getting all "5"s?
What is the probability of getting all "5"s if you roll those twenty die 34-quintillion times? Would a better question be "How many 'all fives' should you expect on average if you roll those twenty die 34-quintillion times?"?

Yes, there are many water molecules in a glass of water, resulting in a very low probability of any particular photon getting all fives and reaching the center, but the microwave oven is pumping in orders of magnitude more photons than the inverse of that probability ... meaning that a better question for you to be asking is "how many microwave photons end up making it to the center?".

The only concept that you know is pot smoking

GasGuzzler wrote:

IBdaMann wrote:

GasGuzzler wrote:

IBdaMann wrote:
Let me know if you have any questions.

I do have a question. How is a glass of water heated by a microwave? Per your explanation, very few if any photons would be able to reach the center because they are literally all hitting water. My guess would be the outside is warmed first and the remaining by conduction. Correct? Obviously there would also be some movement and mixing inside the glass..

Incorrect, statistically speaking.

First, you are entirely correct that water heated by microwaves will then heat surrounding water via conduction. Also, before Into the Night jumps in and mentions it, water heated by microwaves will then heat water above it via convection.

But returning to the microwaves specifically, you are assuming that a very low probability equals a zero probability, and this is an error, and the basis for many a base-rate fallacy.

Concept: What is the probability of rolling twenty 6-sided die and getting all "5"s?
What is the probability of getting all "5"s if you roll those twenty die 34-quintillion times? Would a better question be "How many 'all fives' should you expect on average if you roll those twenty die 34-quintillion times?"?

Yes, there are many water molecules in a glass of water, resulting in a very low probability of any particular photon getting all fives and reachinge center, but the microwave oven is pumping in orders of magnitude more photons than the inverse of that probability ... meaning that a better question for you to be asking is "how many microwave photons end up making it to the center?".

Having issues wrapping my brain around the idea that a photon can pass by water molecules to hit a water molecule that is deeper in the body of pure water.

Am I not thinking of this to proper scale? If I pass in between 2 cars and destroy the 3 by impact (it's OK, it was a Prius) then I passed through a gap. See what I'm saying? Can you explain this in layman's terms form me? I need a floatie.

Swan wrote:

IBdaMann wrote:

Swan wrote: The only concept that you know is pot smoking

I always appreciate declarations of what I don't know. What is interesting in this case is the accompanying declaration of something that I know, which I don't.

Pot smoking is a talent that I have never had.

You truly bungled this one.

.

Says the pothead who denies the last ice age

IBdaMann wrote:

GasGuzzler wrote:Am I not thinking of this to proper scale? If I pass in between 2 cars and destroy the 3 by impact (it's OK, it was a Prius) then I passed through a gap. See what I'm saying? Can you explain this in layman's terms form me? I need a floatie.

Sure. Let's imagine once again that you are a microwave photon. You find that you have no steering wheel. You fly straight through space.

As you fly through space, admiring how straight you fly, you approach a one-meter diameter water molecule about two kilometers off your starboard bow, prompting you to check your monitor. Sure enough, you have entered the water meteor field whereby each water molecule is one meter in diameter, and on average they are roughly 30-kilometers apart. So vast is the space between them that, as you enter the water, you begin to think that you could fly forever without ever hitting one. But then you do some quick math and realize that given the distance you will traveling through the water field, it's pretty much a guarantee that you will hit one, with "sooner" being more likely than "later."

Now, let's run through the same example, but from a quantum mechanics perspective:

As you fly through space, admiring how straight you fly, you approach the water nebula cloud up ahead, as plain as day. It looks kind of like a vast monochromatic heat map that spans the horizon. You know this is going to be bad because each water molecule is itself invisible, existing as only a range of probabilities that it exists at any given point, a range that spans out kilometers in all directions, reaching into and mixing with the ranges of possibilities of the other equally invisible molecules, whose electrons and protons are themselves ebbing and surging ranges of existence probabilities.

This is bad because even if you had the capability of swerving to avoid a molecule in your path, the only way to know where one is ... is to collide with it ... which then alters its location and you no longer know where it is or in which direction it is now floating. But the "heat map" field still retains its awesome beauty.

Into the Night wrote:

IBdaMann wrote:

GasGuzzler wrote:Am I not thinking of this to proper scale? If I pass in between 2 cars and destroy the 3 by impact (it's OK, it was a Prius) then I passed through a gap. See what I'm saying? Can you explain this in layman's terms form me? I need a floatie.

Sure. Let's imagine once again that you are a microwave photon. You find that you have no steering wheel. You fly straight through space.

As you fly through space, admiring how straight you fly, you approach a one-meter diameter water molecule about two kilometers off your starboard bow, prompting you to check your monitor. Sure enough, you have entered the water meteor field whereby each water molecule is one meter in diameter, and on average they are roughly 30-kilometers apart. So vast is the space between them that, as you enter the water, you begin to think that you could fly forever without ever hitting one. But then you do some quick math and realize that given the distance you will traveling through the water field, it's pretty much a guarantee that you will hit one, with "sooner" being more likely than "later."

Now, let's run through the same example, but from a quantum mechanics perspective:

As you fly through space, admiring how straight you fly, you approach the water nebula cloud up ahead, as plain as day. It looks kind of like a vast monochromatic heat map that spans the horizon. You know this is going to be bad because each water molecule is itself invisible, existing as only a range of probabilities that it exists at any given point, a range that spans out kilometers in all directions, reaching into and mixing with the ranges of possibilities of the other equally invisible molecules, whose electrons and protons are themselves ebbing and surging ranges of existence probabilities.

This is bad because even if you had the capability of swerving to avoid a molecule in your path, the only way to know where one is ... is to collide with it ... which then alters its location and you no longer know where it is or in which direction it is now floating. But the "heat map" field still retains its awesome beauty.

That's rather a confusing way to put it.

Into the Night wrote:

Swan wrote:

IBdaMann wrote:

GasGuzzler wrote:

IBdaMann wrote:
Let me know if you have any questions.

I do have a question. How is a glass of water heated by a microwave? Per your explanation, very few if any photons would be able to reach the center because they are literally all hitting water. My guess would be the outside is warmed first and the remaining by conduction. Correct? Obviously there would also be some movement and mixing inside the glass..

Incorrect, statistically speaking.

First, you are entirely correct that water heated by microwaves will then heat surrounding water via conduction. Also, before Into the Night jumps in and mentions it, water heated by microwaves will then heat water above it via convection.

But returning to the microwaves specifically, you are assuming that a very low probability equals a zero probability, and this is an error, and the basis for many a base-rate fallacy.

Concept: What is the probability of rolling twenty 6-sided die and getting all "5"s?
What is the probability of getting all "5"s if you roll those twenty die 34-quintillion times? Would a better question be "How many 'all fives' should you expect on average if you roll those twenty die 34-quintillion times?"?

Yes, there are many water molecules in a glass of water, resulting in a very low probability of any particular photon getting all fives and reaching the center, but the microwave oven is pumping in orders of magnitude more photons than the inverse of that probability ... meaning that a better question for you to be asking is "how many microwave photons end up making it to the center?".

The only concept that you know is pot smoking

Argument of the Stone fallacy.

IBdaMann wrote:

Into the Night wrote:

IBdaMann wrote:

GasGuzzler wrote:Am I not thinking of this to proper scale? If I pass in between 2 cars and destroy the 3 by impact (it's OK, it was a Prius) then I passed through a gap. See what I'm saying? Can you explain this in layman's terms form me? I need a floatie.

Sure. Let's imagine once again that you are a microwave photon. You find that you have no steering wheel. You fly straight through space.

As you fly through space, admiring how straight you fly, you approach a one-meter diameter water molecule about two kilometers off your starboard bow, prompting you to check your monitor. Sure enough, you have entered the water meteor field whereby each water molecule is one meter in diameter, and on average they are roughly 30-kilometers apart. So vast is the space between them that, as you enter the water, you begin to think that you could fly forever without ever hitting one. But then you do some quick math and realize that given the distance you will traveling through the water field, it's pretty much a guarantee that you will hit one, with "sooner" being more likely than "later."

Now, let's run through the same example, but from a quantum mechanics perspective:

As you fly through space, admiring how straight you fly, you approach the water nebula cloud up ahead, as plain as day. It looks kind of like a vast monochromatic heat map that spans the horizon. You know this is going to be bad because each water molecule is itself invisible, existing as only a range of probabilities that it exists at any given point, a range that spans out kilometers in all directions, reaching into and mixing with the ranges of possibilities of the other equally invisible molecules, whose electrons and protons are themselves ebbing and surging ranges of existence probabilities.

This is bad because even if you had the capability of swerving to avoid a molecule in your path, the only way to know where one is ... is to collide with it ... which then alters its location and you no longer know where it is or in which direction it is now floating. But the "heat map" field still retains its awesome beauty.

That's rather a confusing way to put it.

The quantum mechanics perspective is straightforward but I find it a little difficult to describe because it's weird. If you have a better way to explain it, the floor is yours.

GasGuzzler wrote: I found the probabilities explanation to be very good. What I can't seem to grasp is a void in something as dense as water.

GasGuzzler wrote: Also, IBdaMann, you are saying a photon finds a water molecule by collision.

GasGuzzler wrote: Into the Night, you are saying photons are passing right through, if I understand correctly.

IBdaMann wrote:

GasGuzzler wrote: I found the probabilities explanation to be very good. What I can't seem to grasp is a void in something as dense as water.

Matter is mostly empty space. When you knock on a door or pick up a moraine, the perception of "solid matter" is pure illusion

IBdaMann wrote:
To complicate matters further...

GasGuzzler wrote: If solid matter is only an illusion and is full of voids, how does shit (or steel) not just fall apart?

Gravity
Gravity is the attraction between two objects that have mass or energy, whether this is seen in dropping a rock from a bridge, a planet orbiting a star or the moon causing ocean tides. Gravity is probably the most intuitive and familiar of the fundamental forces, but it's also been one of the most challenging to explain.

Isaac Newton was the first to propose the idea of gravity, supposedly inspired by an apple falling from a tree. He described gravity as a literal attraction between two objects.

Electromagnetic force
The electromagnetic force, also called the Lorentz force, acts between charged particles, like negatively charged electrons and positively charged protons. Opposite charges attract one another, while like charges repel. The greater the charge, the greater the force. And much like gravity, this force can be felt from an infinite distance (albeit the force would be very, very small at that distance).

As its name indicates, the electromagnetic force consists of two parts: the electric force and the magnetic force. At first, physicists described these forces as separate from one another, but researchers later realized that the two are components of the same force.

The electric component acts between charged particles whether they're moving or stationary, creating a field by which the charges can influence each other. But once set into motion, those charged particles begin to display the second component, the magnetic force. The particles create a magnetic field around them as they move. So when electrons zoom through a wire to charge your computer or phone or turn on your TV, for example, the wire becomes magnetic.

Electromagnetic forces are transferred between charged particles through the exchange of massless, force-carrying bosons called photons, which are also the particle components of light. The force-carrying photons that swap between charged particles, however, are a different manifestation of photons. They are virtual and undetectable, even though they are technically the same particles as the real and detectable version, according to the University of Tennessee, Knoxville.

The electromagnetic force is responsible for some of the most commonly experienced phenomena: friction, elasticity, the normal force and the force holding solids together in a given shape. It's even responsible for the drag that birds, planes and even Superman experience while flying. These actions can occur because of charged (or neutralized) particles interacting with one another. The normal force that keeps a book on top of a table (instead of gravity pulling the book through to the ground), for example, is a consequence of electrons in the table's atoms repelling electrons in the book's atoms.

The strong nuclear force
The strong nuclear force, also called the strong nuclear interaction, is the strongest of the four fundamental forces of nature. It's 6 thousand trillion trillion trillion (that's 39 zeroes after 6!) times stronger than the force of gravity, according to the HyperPhysics website. And that's because it binds the fundamental particles of matter together to form larger particles. It holds together the quarks that make up protons and neutrons, and part of the strong force also keeps the protons and neutrons of an atom's nucleus together.

Much like the weak force, the strong force operates only when subatomic particles are extremely close to one another. They have to be somewhere within 10^-15 meters from each other, or roughly within the diameter of a proton.

The strong force is odd, though, because unlike any of the other fundamental forces, it gets weaker as subatomic particles move closer together. It actually reaches maximum strength when the particles are farthest away from each other, according to Fermilab. Once within range, massless charged bosons called gluons transmit the strong force between quarks and keep them "glued" together. A tiny fraction of the strong force called the residual strong force acts between protons and neutrons. Protons in the nucleus repel one another because of their similar charge, but the residual strong force can overcome this repulsion, so the particles stay bound in an atom's nucleus.

The weak force
The weak force, also called the weak nuclear interaction, is responsible for particle decay. This is the literal change of one type of subatomic particle into another. So, for example, a neutrino that strays close to a neutron can turn the neutron into a proton while the neutrino becomes an electron.

Physicists describe this interaction through the exchange of force-carrying particles called bosons. Specific kinds of bosons are responsible for the weak force, electromagnetic force and strong force. In the weak force, the bosons are charged particles called W and Z bosons. When subatomic particles such as protons, neutrons and electrons come within 10^-18 meters, or 0.1% of the diameter of a proton, of one another, they can exchange these bosons. As a result, the subatomic particles decay into new particles, according to Georgia State University's HyperPhysics website.

The weak force is critical for the nuclear fusion reactions that power the sun and produce the energy needed for most life forms here on Earth. It's also why archaeologists can use carbon-14 to date ancient bone, wood and other formerly living artifacts. Carbon-14 has six protons and eight neutrons; one of those neutrons decays into a proton to make nitrogen-14, which has seven protons and seven neutrons. This decay happens at a predictable rate, allowing scientists to determine how old such artifacts are.

IBdaMann wrote:

GasGuzzler wrote: If solid matter is only an illusion and is full of voids, how does shit (or steel) not just fall apart?

Hence the testament to the fundamental forces of nature. At your leisure, read about them. estimated one minute each:

I'll put them here for you:

Gravity
Gravity is the attraction between two objects that have mass or energy, whether this is seen in dropping a rock from a bridge, a planet orbiting a star or the moon causing ocean tides. Gravity is probably the most intuitive and familiar of the fundamental forces, but it's also been one of the most challenging to explain.

Isaac Newton was the first to propose the idea of gravity, supposedly inspired by an apple falling from a tree. He described gravity as a literal attraction between two objects.

Electromagnetic force
The electromagnetic force, also called the Lorentz force, acts between charged particles, like negatively charged electrons and positively charged protons. Opposite charges attract one another, while like charges repel. The greater the charge, the greater the force. And much like gravity, this force can be felt from an infinite distance (albeit the force would be very, very small at that distance).

As its name indicates, the electromagnetic force consists of two parts: the electric force and the magnetic force. At first, physicists described these forces as separate from one another, but researchers later realized that the two are components of the same force.

The electric component acts between charged particles whether they're moving or stationary, creating a field by which the charges can influence each other. But once set into motion, those charged particles begin to display the second component, the magnetic force. The particles create a magnetic field around them as they move. So when electrons zoom through a wire to charge your computer or phone or turn on your TV, for example, the wire becomes magnetic.

Electromagnetic forces are transferred between charged particles through the exchange of massless, force-carrying bosons called photons, which are also the particle components of light. The force-carrying photons that swap between charged particles, however, are a different manifestation of photons. They are virtual and undetectable, even though they are technically the same particles as the real and detectable version, according to the University of Tennessee, Knoxville.

The electromagnetic force is responsible for some of the most commonly experienced phenomena: friction, elasticity, the normal force and the force holding solids together in a given shape. It's even responsible for the drag that birds, planes and even Superman experience while flying. These actions can occur because of charged (or neutralized) particles interacting with one another. The normal force that keeps a book on top of a table (instead of gravity pulling the book through to the ground), for example, is a consequence of electrons in the table's atoms repelling electrons in the book's atoms.

The strong nuclear force
The strong nuclear force, also called the strong nuclear interaction, is the strongest of the four fundamental forces of nature. It's 6 thousand trillion trillion trillion (that's 39 zeroes after 6!) times stronger than the force of gravity, according to the HyperPhysics website. And that's because it binds the fundamental particles of matter together to form larger particles. It holds together the quarks that make up protons and neutrons, and part of the strong force also keeps the protons and neutrons of an atom's nucleus together.

Much like the weak force, the strong force operates only when subatomic particles are extremely close to one another. They have to be somewhere within 10^-15 meters from each other, or roughly within the diameter of a proton.

The strong force is odd, though, because unlike any of the other fundamental forces, it gets weaker as subatomic particles move closer together. It actually reaches maximum strength when the particles are farthest away from each other, according to Fermilab. Once within range, massless charged bosons called gluons transmit the strong force between quarks and keep them "glued" together. A tiny fraction of the strong force called the residual strong force acts between protons and neutrons. Protons in the nucleus repel one another because of their similar charge, but the residual strong force can overcome this repulsion, so the particles stay bound in an atom's nucleus.

The weak force
The weak force, also called the weak nuclear interaction, is responsible for particle decay. This is the literal change of one type of subatomic particle into another. So, for example, a neutrino that strays close to a neutron can turn the neutron into a proton while the neutrino becomes an electron.

Physicists describe this interaction through the exchange of force-carrying particles called bosons. Specific kinds of bosons are responsible for the weak force, electromagnetic force and strong force. In the weak force, the bosons are charged particles called W and Z bosons. When subatomic particles such as protons, neutrons and electrons come within 10^-18 meters, or 0.1% of the diameter of a proton, of one another, they can exchange these bosons. As a result, the subatomic particles decay into new particles, according to Georgia State University's HyperPhysics website.

The weak force is critical for the nuclear fusion reactions that power the sun and produce the energy needed for most life forms here on Earth. It's also why archaeologists can use carbon-14 to date ancient bone, wood and other formerly living artifacts. Carbon-14 has six protons and eight neutrons; one of those neutrons decays into a proton to make nitrogen-14, which has seven protons and seven neutrons. This decay happens at a predictable rate, allowing scientists to determine how old such artifacts are.

Swan wrote:

IBdaMann wrote:

GasGuzzler wrote: If solid matter is only an illusion and is full of voids, how does shit (or steel) not just fall apart?

Hence the testament to the fundamental forces of nature. At your leisure, read about them. estimated one minute each:

I'll put them here for you:

Gravity
Gravity is the attraction between two objects that have mass or energy, whether this is seen in dropping a rock from a bridge, a planet orbiting a star or the moon causing ocean tides. Gravity is probably the most intuitive and familiar of the fundamental forces, but it's also been one of the most challenging to explain.

Isaac Newton was the first to propose the idea of gravity, supposedly inspired by an apple falling from a tree. He described gravity as a literal attraction between two objects.

Electromagnetic force
The electromagnetic force, also called the Lorentz force, acts between charged particles, like negatively charged electrons and positively charged protons. Opposite charges attract one another, while like charges repel. The greater the charge, the greater the force. And much like gravity, this force can be felt from an infinite distance (albeit the force would be very, very small at that distance).

As its name indicates, the electromagnetic force consists of two parts: the electric force and the magnetic force. At first, physicists described these forces as separate from one another, but researchers later realized that the two are components of the same force.

The electric component acts between charged particles whether they're moving or stationary, creating a field by which the charges can influence each other. But once set into motion, those charged particles begin to display the second component, the magnetic force. The particles create a magnetic field around them as they move. So when electrons zoom through a wire to charge your computer or phone or turn on your TV, for example, the wire becomes magnetic.

Electromagnetic forces are transferred between charged particles through the exchange of massless, force-carrying bosons called photons, which are also the particle components of light. The force-carrying photons that swap between charged particles, however, are a different manifestation of photons. They are virtual and undetectable, even though they are technically the same particles as the real and detectable version, according to the University of Tennessee, Knoxville.

The electromagnetic force is responsible for some of the most commonly experienced phenomena: friction, elasticity, the normal force and the force holding solids together in a given shape. It's even responsible for the drag that birds, planes and even Superman experience while flying. These actions can occur because of charged (or neutralized) particles interacting with one another. The normal force that keeps a book on top of a table (instead of gravity pulling the book through to the ground), for example, is a consequence of electrons in the table's atoms repelling electrons in the book's atoms.

The strong nuclear force
The strong nuclear force, also called the strong nuclear interaction, is the strongest of the four fundamental forces of nature. It's 6 thousand trillion trillion trillion (that's 39 zeroes after 6!) times stronger than the force of gravity, according to the HyperPhysics website. And that's because it binds the fundamental particles of matter together to form larger particles. It holds together the quarks that make up protons and neutrons, and part of the strong force also keeps the protons and neutrons of an atom's nucleus together.

Much like the weak force, the strong force operates only when subatomic particles are extremely close to one another. They have to be somewhere within 10^-15 meters from each other, or roughly within the diameter of a proton.

The strong force is odd, though, because unlike any of the other fundamental forces, it gets weaker as subatomic particles move closer together. It actually reaches maximum strength when the particles are farthest away from each other, according to Fermilab. Once within range, massless charged bosons called gluons transmit the strong force between quarks and keep them "glued" together. A tiny fraction of the strong force called the residual strong force acts between protons and neutrons. Protons in the nucleus repel one another because of their similar charge, but the residual strong force can overcome this repulsion, so the particles stay bound in an atom's nucleus.

The weak force
The weak force, also called the weak nuclear interaction, is responsible for particle decay. This is the literal change of one type of subatomic particle into another. So, for example, a neutrino that strays close to a neutron can turn the neutron into a proton while the neutrino becomes an electron.

Physicists describe this interaction through the exchange of force-carrying particles called bosons. Specific kinds of bosons are responsible for the weak force, electromagnetic force and strong force. In the weak force, the bosons are charged particles called W and Z bosons. When subatomic particles such as protons, neutrons and electrons come within 10^-18 meters, or 0.1% of the diameter of a proton, of one another, they can exchange these bosons. As a result, the subatomic particles decay into new particles, according to Georgia State University's HyperPhysics website.

The weak force is critical for the nuclear fusion reactions that power the sun and produce the energy needed for most life forms here on Earth. It's also why archaeologists can use carbon-14 to date ancient bone, wood and other formerly living artifacts. Carbon-14 has six protons and eight neutrons; one of those neutrons decays into a proton to make nitrogen-14, which has seven protons and seven neutrons. This decay happens at a predictable rate, allowing scientists to determine how old such artifacts are.

You skipped your Abilify again.

GasGuzzler wrote:

Swan wrote:

IBdaMann wrote:

GasGuzzler wrote: If solid matter is only an illusion and is full of voids, how does shit (or steel) not just fall apart?

Hence the testament to the fundamental forces of nature. At your leisure, read about them. estimated one minute each:

I'll put them here for you:

Gravity
Gravity is the attraction between two objects that have mass or energy, whether this is seen in dropping a rock from a bridge, a planet orbiting a star or the moon causing ocean tides. Gravity is probably the most intuitive and familiar of the fundamental forces, but it's also been one of the most challenging to explain.

Isaac Newton was the first to propose the idea of gravity, supposedly inspired by an apple falling from a tree. He described gravity as a literal attraction between two objects.

Electromagnetic force
The electromagnetic force, also called the Lorentz force, acts between charged particles, like negatively charged electrons and positively charged protons. Opposite charges attract one another, while like charges repel. The greater the charge, the greater the force. And much like gravity, this force can be felt from an infinite distance (albeit the force would be very, very small at that distance).

As its name indicates, the electromagnetic force consists of two parts: the electric force and the magnetic force. At first, physicists described these forces as separate from one another, but researchers later realized that the two are components of the same force.

The electric component acts between charged particles whether they're moving or stationary, creating a field by which the charges can influence each other. But once set into motion, those charged particles begin to display the second component, the magnetic force. The particles create a magnetic field around them as they move. So when electrons zoom through a wire to charge your computer or phone or turn on your TV, for example, the wire becomes magnetic.

Electromagnetic forces are transferred between charged particles through the exchange of massless, force-carrying bosons called photons, which are also the particle components of light. The force-carrying photons that swap between charged particles, however, are a different manifestation of photons. They are virtual and undetectable, even though they are technically the same particles as the real and detectable version, according to the University of Tennessee, Knoxville.

The electromagnetic force is responsible for some of the most commonly experienced phenomena: friction, elasticity, the normal force and the force holding solids together in a given shape. It's even responsible for the drag that birds, planes and even Superman experience while flying. These actions can occur because of charged (or neutralized) particles interacting with one another. The normal force that keeps a book on top of a table (instead of gravity pulling the book through to the ground), for example, is a consequence of electrons in the table's atoms repelling electrons in the book's atoms.

The strong nuclear force
The strong nuclear force, also called the strong nuclear interaction, is the strongest of the four fundamental forces of nature. It's 6 thousand trillion trillion trillion (that's 39 zeroes after 6!) times stronger than the force of gravity, according to the HyperPhysics website. And that's because it binds the fundamental particles of matter together to form larger particles. It holds together the quarks that make up protons and neutrons, and part of the strong force also keeps the protons and neutrons of an atom's nucleus together.

Much like the weak force, the strong force operates only when subatomic particles are extremely close to one another. They have to be somewhere within 10^-15 meters from each other, or roughly within the diameter of a proton.

The strong force is odd, though, because unlike any of the other fundamental forces, it gets weaker as subatomic particles move closer together. It actually reaches maximum strength when the particles are farthest away from each other, according to Fermilab. Once within range, massless charged bosons called gluons transmit the strong force between quarks and keep them "glued" together. A tiny fraction of the strong force called the residual strong force acts between protons and neutrons. Protons in the nucleus repel one another because of their similar charge, but the residual strong force can overcome this repulsion, so the particles stay bound in an atom's nucleus.

The weak force
The weak force, also called the weak nuclear interaction, is responsible for particle decay. This is the literal change of one type of subatomic particle into another. So, for example, a neutrino that strays close to a neutron can turn the neutron into a proton while the neutrino becomes an electron.

Physicists describe this interaction through the exchange of force-carrying particles called bosons. Specific kinds of bosons are responsible for the weak force, electromagnetic force and strong force. In the weak force, the bosons are charged particles called W and Z bosons. When subatomic particles such as protons, neutrons and electrons come within 10^-18 meters, or 0.1% of the diameter of a proton, of one another, they can exchange these bosons. As a result, the subatomic particles decay into new particles, according to Georgia State University's HyperPhysics website.

The weak force is critical for the nuclear fusion reactions that power the sun and produce the energy needed for most life forms here on Earth. It's also why archaeologists can use carbon-14 to date ancient bone, wood and other formerly living artifacts. Carbon-14 has six protons and eight neutrons; one of those neutrons decays into a proton to make nitrogen-14, which has seven protons and seven neutrons. This decay happens at a predictable rate, allowing scientists to determine how old such artifacts are.

You skipped your Abilify again.

The moron claiming a 130 IQ enters a microwave discussion with a comment about pharmaceuticals. Got it.

IBdaMann wrote:

Into the Night wrote:

IBdaMann wrote:

GasGuzzler wrote:Am I not thinking of this to proper scale? If I pass in between 2 cars and destroy the 3 by impact (it's OK, it was a Prius) then I passed through a gap. See what I'm saying? Can you explain this in layman's terms form me? I need a floatie.

Sure. Let's imagine once again that you are a microwave photon. You find that you have no steering wheel. You fly straight through space.

As you fly through space, admiring how straight you fly, you approach a one-meter diameter water molecule about two kilometers off your starboard bow, prompting you to check your monitor. Sure enough, you have entered the water meteor field whereby each water molecule is one meter in diameter, and on average they are roughly 30-kilometers apart. So vast is the space between them that, as you enter the water, you begin to think that you could fly forever without ever hitting one. But then you do some quick math and realize that given the distance you will traveling through the water field, it's pretty much a guarantee that you will hit one, with "sooner" being more likely than "later."

Now, let's run through the same example, but from a quantum mechanics perspective:

As you fly through space, admiring how straight you fly, you approach the water nebula cloud up ahead, as plain as day. It looks kind of like a vast monochromatic heat map that spans the horizon. You know this is going to be bad because each water molecule is itself invisible, existing as only a range of probabilities that it exists at any given point, a range that spans out kilometers in all directions, reaching into and mixing with the ranges of possibilities of the other equally invisible molecules, whose electrons and protons are themselves ebbing and surging ranges of existence probabilities.

This is bad because even if you had the capability of swerving to avoid a molecule in your path, the only way to know where one is ... is to collide with it ... which then alters its location and you no longer know where it is or in which direction it is now floating. But the "heat map" field still retains its awesome beauty.

That's rather a confusing way to put it.

The quantum mechanics perspective is straightforward but I find it a little difficult to describe because it's weird. If you have a better way to explain it, the floor is yours.

GasGuzzler wrote:

IBdaMann wrote:

Into the Night wrote:

IBdaMann wrote:

GasGuzzler wrote:Am I not thinking of this to proper scale? If I pass in between 2 cars and destroy the 3 by impact (it's OK, it was a Prius) then I passed through a gap. See what I'm saying? Can you explain this in layman's terms form me? I need a floatie.

Sure. Let's imagine once again that you are a microwave photon. You find that you have no steering wheel. You fly straight through space.

As you fly through space, admiring how straight you fly, you approach a one-meter diameter water molecule about two kilometers off your starboard bow, prompting you to check your monitor. Sure enough, you have entered the water meteor field whereby each water molecule is one meter in diameter, and on average they are roughly 30-kilometers apart. So vast is the space between them that, as you enter the water, you begin to think that you could fly forever without ever hitting one. But then you do some quick math and realize that given the distance you will traveling through the water field, it's pretty much a guarantee that you will hit one, with "sooner" being more likely than "later."

Now, let's run through the same example, but from a quantum mechanics perspective:

As you fly through space, admiring how straight you fly, you approach the water nebula cloud up ahead, as plain as day. It looks kind of like a vast monochromatic heat map that spans the horizon. You know this is going to be bad because each water molecule is itself invisible, existing as only a range of probabilities that it exists at any given point, a range that spans out kilometers in all directions, reaching into and mixing with the ranges of possibilities of the other equally invisible molecules, whose electrons and protons are themselves ebbing and surging ranges of existence probabilities.

This is bad because even if you had the capability of swerving to avoid a molecule in your path, the only way to know where one is ... is to collide with it ... which then alters its location and you no longer know where it is or in which direction it is now floating. But the "heat map" field still retains its awesome beauty.

That's rather a confusing way to put it.

The quantum mechanics perspective is straightforward but I find it a little difficult to describe because it's weird. If you have a better way to explain it, the floor is yours.

I found the probabilities explanation to be very good. What I can't seem to grasp is a void in something as dense as water.

Also, IBdaMann, you are saying a photon finds a water molecule by collision. Into the Night, you are saying photons are passing right through, if I understand correctly. What dictates a collision versus a pass through?

Thanks in advance guys.

GasGuzzler wrote: Also, IBdaMann, you are saying a photon finds a water molecule by collision.

IBdaMann wrote:

GasGuzzler wrote: Also, IBdaMann, you are saying a photon finds a water molecule by collision.

Physics predicts nature. Quantum mechanics is really just math that has no power to predict anything.

In a classical physics context, if you are a photon, you see up ahead and can tell when you are going to collide with what and can predict what the outcome will be.

In a QM context, you are flying blind and have no idea when you will collide with what, until you do ... and even then you aren't completely sure what you hit or how hard you hit it (i.e. Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle).

.

IBdaMann wrote:
In a QM context, you are flying blind and have no idea when you will collide with what, until you do ...

GasGuzzler wrote:
Thanks for all the info guys. I've just gotten really slammed busy here the last 2 days but will reread all this and sift through it.

IBdaMann wrote:
In a QM context, you are flying blind and have no idea when you will collide with what, until you do ...

Wow. This sounds a lot like marriage!

Swan wrote:

GasGuzzler wrote:
Thanks for all the info guys. I've just gotten really slammed busy here the last 2 days but will reread all this and sift through it.

IBdaMann wrote:
In a QM context, you are flying blind and have no idea when you will collide with what, until you do ...

Wow. This sounds a lot like marriage!

Into the Night wrote:

Microwave ovens cook by essentially heating everything at once. Inside, outside, and everything in between. This can create a mess since the inside can cook and not vent heat like the outside can, resulting in a small explosion (chili all over the inside of the oven!) that you have to clean off later. Some people generally put a paper towel or lid over it so the chili doesn't splatter all over the oven.

Spongy Iris wrote:

Into the Night wrote:

Microwave ovens cook by essentially heating everything at once. Inside, outside, and everything in between. This can create a mess since the inside can cook and not vent heat like the outside can, resulting in a small explosion (chili all over the inside of the oven!) that you have to clean off later. Some people generally put a paper towel or lid over it so the chili doesn't splatter all over the oven.

As an example, if you put a raw 6 oz steak from the fridge, in a microwave for 1 minute, it will not cook evenly. In general, the outside will be fairly well done, and the inside will be rare.

Now, if you put that same steak fully well done steak in the microwave, to heat it up, for 1 minute, it will start exploding after about 30 seconds.

It's a rather vague thing to say, "cooks it all at once."

It generally seems to take longer for more microwaves to penetrate the inside then the outside. (though not as long as it would take a flame or hot coil)

Swan wrote: You cannot cook an already cooked steak

Swan wrote:

Spongy Iris wrote:

Into the Night wrote:

Microwave ovens cook by essentially heating everything at once. Inside, outside, and everything in between. This can create a mess since the inside can cook and not vent heat like the outside can, resulting in a small explosion (chili all over the inside of the oven!) that you have to clean off later. Some people generally put a paper towel or lid over it so the chili doesn't splatter all over the oven.

As an example, if you put a raw 6 oz steak from the fridge, in a microwave for 1 minute, it will not cook evenly. In general, the outside will be fairly well done, and the inside will be rare.

Now, if you put that same steak fully well done steak in the microwave, to heat it up, for 1 minute, it will start exploding after about 30 seconds.

It's a rather vague thing to say, "cooks it all at once."

It generally seems to take longer for more microwaves to penetrate the inside then the outside. (though not as long as it would take a flame or hot coil)

You cannot cook an already cooked steak

IBdaMann wrote:

Swan wrote: You cannot cook an already cooked steak

Sure you can ... and keepit remains ahead by a nose.

Swan wrote:

IBdaMann wrote:

Swan wrote: You cannot cook an already cooked steak

Sure you can ... and keepit remains ahead by a nose.

A cooked steak cannot be uncooked

IBdaMann wrote:

Swan wrote:

IBdaMann wrote:

Swan wrote: You cannot cook an already cooked steak

Sure you can ... and keepit remains ahead by a nose.

A cooked steak cannot be uncooked

Correct. However a cooked steak can be cooked further, unless the chef is more ignorant than keepit.