Restoring Alkalinity to the Ocean

Im a BM wrote:
Submarine groundwater discharge from coastal wetlands is the major source of alkalinity for many marine ecosystems.

In the low-oxygen, organic carbon-rich wetland sediment, bacteria use sulfate as oxidant to acquire energy from organic carbon. Sulfate reduction by bacteria generates alkalinity, rather than carbon dioxide, as the oxidized (inorganic) carbon product.

Im a BM wrote:
Three different approaches are offered to engineer coastal wetlands to increase their output of alkalinity to neutralize ocean acidification.

Im a BM wrote:
Yes, "tons of hydrogen sulfide pour into the oceans every day."

Im a BM wrote:
A small fraction of the total hydrogen sulfide coming into contact with sea water is of abiotic, geologic origin. Deep sea vents and other contact points where H2S from deep underground comes up into the sea. A small fraction of the total.

Where does the vast majority of H2S coming into contact with sea water come from?

Microbial reduction of sulfate.

Im a BM wrote:
Sulfate reducing bacteria live in low oxygen conditions.

Im a BM wrote:
They use sulfate as oxidant to acquire energy from oxidation of organic carbon.

Im a BM wrote:
Often the reactions are carried out over multiple steps by more than one species of bacteria.

One example of the overall reaction is with oxidation of methane.

sulfate + methane = hydrogen sulfide + carbonate + metabolic energy
...deleted random letters used as a 'formula'...

Im a BM wrote:
So, what happens when H2S contacts sea water?

H2S = HS- + H+ It just released a proton to act like an acid

Im a BM wrote:
A more complete look at sulfate reduction coupled to methane oxidation:
...deleted random letters used as a 'formula'...

Im a BM wrote:
You already got one mole of alkalinity produced,

Im a BM wrote:
as bicarbonate (HCO3-)

Where does the HS- go?

Most of it ends up as iron pyrite, FeS2, a solid iron sulfide, consuming another proton to neutralize more acidity

Im a BM wrote:
Alkalinity is acid neutralizing capacity.

Im a BM wrote:
Bicarbonate supplies most of the alkalinity in sea water.

Carbonate is the second largest source of alkalinity in sea water.

They are both oxidized forms of carbon (aka "inorganic")

So, some of the hydrogen sulfide entering sea water is of geologic origin.

It's net effect is acidifying. Especially when sulfide oxidizes (with oxygen) to make sulfuric acid.

Im a BM wrote:
But most of the hydrogen sulfide contacting sea water is generated during sulfate reduction by microorganisms, as part of an acid neutralizing reaction.

Im a BM wrote:
Anaerobic sulfate reduction, which consumes no free oxygen, generates two moles of alkalinity for every mole of sulfate reduced to sulfide

Im a BM wrote:
Conversely, aerobic sulfide oxidation produces two moles of acidity.

Im a BM wrote:
But sulfuric acid is a minor player in ocean "acidification".

Im a BM wrote:
Carbonic acid, a very weak acid formed by carbon dioxide in water, is added to the ocean at a rate orders of magnitude greater than sulfuric acid.

Im a BM wrote:
As far as the "billions of years" go, geologic emission of hydrogen sulfide is tiny today compared to what it used to be.

Into the Night wrote:

Carbon isn't organic.

The oceans are alkaline. Oceans are not acidic.

And I bet you measured every ton with a spoon.

Sulfate is not a reduction.

Sulfate is not a reduction.

Sulfate is not an oxidizer. Carbon isn't organic.

Sulfur isn't an oxidizer.

Acid isn't a proton.

Sulfate isn't a reduction. Sulfur isn't an oxidizer.

Alkalinity isn't measure in moles. Unit error.

Protons are not consumed.

Im a BM wrote:
Alkalinity is acid neutralizing capacity.

Nope. Alkalinity is a pH over 7.

An alkaline is not an acid. Sulfur is not an oxidizer.

No acid to neutralize. Ocean water is alkaline.

Alkalinity is not measured in moles. Unit error.

Acidity is not measured in moles. Unit error.

You can't acidify an alkaline.

You can't acidify an alkaline.

How do you know? Were you there?

Im a BM wrote:What is alkalinity? It is acid neutralizing capacity.

Im a BM wrote:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Yes you can reduce a sulfate.

Google sulfate reduction.

Yes, arsenian pyrite is a real thing. Google it.

Yes, pyrite can form sulfuric acid when bacteria use oxygen to oxidize it.

Google pyrite oxidation acid mine drainage.

Yes, pyrite does form when bacteria deoxidize a sulfate turning it into a sulfide.

Its just a really awkward way to say sulfate reduction. It affirms rather than contradicts.

Sulfate reduction generates two moles of alkalinity for every mole of carbon oxidized (or should I say dereduced?)

Scientists report alkalinity as moles of acid neutralizing capacity per liter. Moles of protons per liter that could be neutralized.

Environmental regulators report alkalinity as calcium carbonate equivalents per liter, on a weight basis.

Fortunately, calcium carbonate has molecular weight very close to 100 grams per mole so it's not too hard to convert. You just have to remember that it's two moles ANC for every mole of CaCO3, and 100 grams per mole.

A solution with alkalinity of 1 gram per liter CaCO3 equivalents has 0.01 mole CaCO3 per liter and 0.02 moles per liter alkalinity.

IBdaMann wrote:

Im a BM wrote:What is alkalinity? It is acid neutralizing capacity.

This is not the chemistry definition but I'm fine with it being your definition. It's quite refreshing to see you offer a definition; I really wish you'd do it more often.

Would you define acidity as "alkaline neutralizing capacity"?

Im a BM wrote:
Yes you can reduce a sulfate.

Im a BM wrote:
Google sulfate reduction.

Im a BM wrote:
Yes, arsenian pyrite is a real thing. Google it.

Yes, pyrite can form sulfuric acid when bacteria use oxygen to oxidize it.
Google pyrite oxidation acid mine drainage.
Yes, pyrite does form when bacteria deoxidize a sulfate turning it into a sulfide.

Im a BM wrote:
Its just a really awkward way to say sulfate reduction. It affirms rather than contradicts.

Im a BM wrote:
Sulfate reduction generates two moles of alkalinity for every mole of carbon oxidized (or should I say dereduced?)

Im a BM wrote:
Scientists report alkalinity as moles of acid neutralizing capacity per liter. Moles of protons per liter that could be neutralized.

Im a BM wrote:
Environmental regulators report alkalinity as calcium carbonate equivalents per liter, on a weight basis.

Im a BM wrote:
Fortunately, calcium carbonate has molecular weight very close to 100 grams per mole so it's not too hard to convert. You just have to remember that it's two moles ANC for every mole of CaCO3, and 100 grams per mole.

A solution with alkalinity of 1 gram per liter CaCO3 equivalents has 0.01 mole CaCO3 per liter and 0.02 moles per liter alkalinity.

Im a BM wrote:
Hydrogen sulfide, also known as "sewer gas" has a distinct rotten egg smell.

But sea water generally does not smell strongly of rotten egg.

Tons of hydrogen sulfide enter the sea every day from deeper in the earth, of abiotic and geologic origin. Deep sea vent type thing.

Many, many, many more tons of hydrogen sulfide enter into sea water every day as a result of bacteria carrying out the biochemical process of sulfate reduction.

So, where does all the rotten egg stink go?

Hydrogen sulfide is a weak acid.

In pH 8.2 sea water it dissociates into an anion and an acid proton.

Hydrogen sulfide = bisulfide ion + acid proton

H2S (in water) = HS- + H+ this is an acidifying process

Bisulfide ion = sulfide ion + acid proton

HS- = S(2-) = H+ this is an additionally acidifying process.

It is very fortunate that only a very small fraction of the hydrogen sulfide entering sea water comes in from outside the ocean, or it would be serious acidification.

Especially given what happens to bisulfide or sulfide ions in the presence of oxygen and sulfur oxidizing microorganisms.

HS- (bisulfide ion) + 2 O2 = HSO4- (hydrogen sulfate or bisulfate ion)

HSO4- (bisulfate) = SO4(2-) (sulfate) + H+ (acid proton) (more acidification)


Fortunately, the vast majority of hydrogen sulfide coming into contact with sea water is generated within the ocean, under low oxygen conditions that prevent it from oxidizing to sulfuric acid.

Rather than the acidifying effect of geologic hydrogen sulfide dissociating into bisulfide and sulfide ions, in situ generation of hydrogen sulfide by microorganisms is an acid neutralizing process.

One example of the overall reaction is with oxidation of methane.

sulfate + methane = hydrogen sulfide + carbonate + water + metabolic energy

SO4(2-) + CH4 = H2S + CO3(2-) + H2O + energy

So, what happens when H2S contacts sea water under low oxygen conditions?

It dissociates and reacts with iron, with the assistance of bacteria who make their living off the process, to form solid iron pyrite.

No sulfuric acid generated anywhere in the process.

No rotten egg smell coming off it, either.

IBdaMann wrote:

This post might have been good ... except that it comes from you. You won't answer any questions, so regrettably, even posts with potential must nonetheless be discarded.

What's an "acid proton"? You won't answer. You won't bother to explain anything because you are preaching exactly what you have been told to preach with no deviation allowed.

Im a BM wrote:

IBdaMann wrote:
This post might have been good ... except that it comes from you. You won't answer any questions, so regrettably, even posts with potential must nonetheless be discarded.

What's an "acid proton"? You won't answer. You won't bother to explain anything because you are preaching exactly what you have been told to preach with no deviation allowed.

The question expresses resentment, because the answer hasn't already been given to a question that is now being asked for the first time.

The first reference to "acid proton" had only been made one post earlier.

I may be a highly accomplished and respected scientist, but I am not a mind reader.

It sounds like I owe an apology.

Sorry that I didn't anticipate your question before you had to ask it.

Sorry that you are too incompetent to know how to find the answer yourself.

And, of course, you had to throw in some insults along with the false accusation.

So the apology continues.

I am truly sorry that you are a scientifically illiterate and disgusting troll who gets off on insults and tells a whole lot of lies.

I suspect that your wife and kids are sorry about that too.

IBdaMann wrote:

Im a BM wrote:

IBdaMann wrote:
This post might have been good ... except that it comes from you. You won't answer any questions, so regrettably, even posts with potential must nonetheless be discarded.

What's an "acid proton"? You won't answer. You won't bother to explain anything because you are preaching exactly what you have been told to preach with no deviation allowed.

The question expresses resentment, because the answer hasn't already been given to a question that is now being asked for the first time.

The first reference to "acid proton" had only been made one post earlier.

I may be a highly accomplished and respected scientist, but I am not a mind reader.

It sounds like I owe an apology.

Sorry that I didn't anticipate your question before you had to ask it.

Sorry that you are too incompetent to know how to find the answer yourself.

And, of course, you had to throw in some insults along with the false accusation.

So the apology continues.

I am truly sorry that you are a scientifically illiterate and disgusting troll who gets off on insults and tells a whole lot of lies.

I suspect that your wife and kids are sorry about that too.

Like I said, you won't answer any questions. You are here to preach and to insult ... and to troll the board ... and to spam if necessary.

In less than half the time it took you to make your post, you could have explained what an "acid proton" is supposed to be. However, that would be very counterproductive in your case because then you wouldn't be preaching, you would be helping, and we can't have that now, can we.

Your insincere apology is not accepted. If you were to peruse the threads in which you have posted, you will find that I have asked many very polite and valid questions ... all of which you have ignored. Now, I fully anticipated that you would ignore me completely but I asked nonetheless to make it abundantly clear that you are only interested in acquiring disciples who worship you and who are willing to be fooled into thinking that you are an accomplished scientist somehow.

You never answered the question of why anyone should listen to a man who claims to be a scientist but who considers requests for unambiguous definitions to be tantamount to torture. That is the very essence of a charlatan, a scam artist and a liar. Everything in science is unambiguously defined, but you go apoplectic at the mere thought of defining your terms. I'm sure now you can see how no rational adult can believe you are a scientist.

... and then on top of that you insist on mentioning "organic" carbon.

I highly recommend you pretend to be something else a little less technical, such as ... well, perhaps pretend to be a job seeker. I bet that would work. It would certainly be more believable.

Swan wrote:Dude literally no one is required to answer the questions of a delusional schizzo like you, and no one does either

IBdaMann wrote:

Swan wrote:Dude literally no one is required to answer the questions of a delusional schizzo like you, and no one does either

Says the schizzo who compulsively responds to me. Whatever I want you to do, I control you from my end and you OBEY on your end.

Your current orders: continue pretending to speak for everyone.

Swan wrote:

IBdaMann wrote:

Swan wrote:Dude literally no one is required to answer the questions of a delusional schizzo like you, and no one does either

Says the schizzo who compulsively responds to me. Whatever I want you to do, I control you from my end and you OBEY on your end.

Your current orders: continue pretending to speak for everyone.

I respond just so that I can specifically not answer ...

IBdaMann wrote:

Swan wrote:

IBdaMann wrote:

Swan wrote:Dude literally no one is required to answer the questions of a delusional schizzo like you, and no one does either

Says the schizzo who compulsively responds to me. Whatever I want you to do, I control you from my end and you OBEY on your end.

Your current orders: continue pretending to speak for everyone.

I respond just so that I can specifically not answer ...

Good boy. You're a very good boy ... yes you are! Here's a Scooby Snack for you.

Now, just for my amusement, tell me about how you know your rocks are really moraines.

IBdaMann wrote:

Swan wrote:

IBdaMann wrote:

Swan wrote:Dude literally no one is required to answer the questions of a delusional schizzo like you, and no one does either

Says the schizzo who compulsively responds to me. Whatever I want you to do, I control you from my end and you OBEY on your end.

Your current orders: continue pretending to speak for everyone.

I respond just so that I can specifically not answer ...

Good boy. You're a very good boy ... yes you are! Here's a Scooby Snack for you.

Now, just for my amusement, tell me about how you know your rocks are really moraines.

Im a BM wrote:

IBdaMann wrote:

Swan wrote:

IBdaMann wrote:

Swan wrote:Dude literally no one is required to answer the questions of a delusional schizzo like you, and no one does either

Says the schizzo who compulsively responds to me. Whatever I want you to do, I control you from my end and you OBEY on your end.

Your current orders: continue pretending to speak for everyone.

I respond just so that I can specifically not answer ...

Good boy. You're a very good boy ... yes you are! Here's a Scooby Snack for you.

Now, just for my amusement, tell me about how you know your rocks are really moraines.

The two of you deserve each other.

Im a BM wrote:

Hydrogen sulfide, H2S, can be a source of sulfuric acid added to sea water.

Where deep sea vents provide a conduit for hydrogen sulfide generated deeper in the earth, H2S vents up into sea water that contains free oxygen (O2).

Bacteria oxidize the hydrogen sulfide to form sulfuric acid.

Overall Reaction:

H2S + 2 O2 = SO4(2-) + 2 H+ or H2SO4

The H+ are "acid protons" or hydrogen ion.

Intermediate steps may first include dissociation into acid protons and
bisulfide or sulfide ions.

Hydrogen sulfide is a weak acid.

H2S (in water) = HS- + H+ this is an acidifying process

HS- = S(2-) = H+ this is an additionally acidifying process.

In this case a hydrogen ion or two was already added to sea water before the sulfides are oxidized to bisulfate or sulfate.

Fortunately, the vast majority of hydrogen sulfide coming into contact with sea water is generated within the ocean, under low oxygen conditions that prevent it from oxidizing to sulfuric acid.

Rather than the acidifying effect of geologic hydrogen sulfide dissociating into bisulfide and sulfide ions, in situ generation of hydrogen sulfide by microorganisms is an acid neutralizing process.

One example of the overall reaction is with oxidation of methane.

sulfate + methane = hydrogen sulfide + carbonate + water + metabolic energy

SO4(2-) + CH4 = HS- + HCO3- + H2O + energy

Under the low oxygen conditions where sulfate reduction occurs, sulfides cannot be oxidized to sulfuric acid.

Instead, it reacts with iron, with the assistance of bacteria who make their living off the process, to form solid iron pyrite.

No sulfuric acid generated anywhere in the process.

No rotten egg smell coming off it, either.

Beyond merely being a process that does not generate sulfuric acid, this process DOES generate alkalinity

The HCO3- created from the oxidation of organic carbon via sulfate reduction is bicarbonate ion.

Bicarbonate ion supplies most of the alkalinity found in sea water.

Im a BM wrote:Hydrogen sulfide, H2S, can be a source of sulfuric acid added to sea water.

Im a BM wrote:The H+ are "acid protons" or hydrogen ion.

IBdaMann wrote:

Im a BM wrote:The H+ are "acid protons" or hydrogen ion.

Thank you. I had never heard that term before. Now I have. It's a concatenation of the terms "proton" + "acid ion". All protons are effectively hydrogen atoms stripped of their electrons, which leads to the familiar term "H+" Adding protons increases acidity, hence the term "acid proton."

OK. "Acid proton" is added to the vocabulary.

Im a BM wrote:

IBdaMann wrote:

Im a BM wrote:The H+ are "acid protons" or hydrogen ion.

Thank you. I had never heard that term before. Now I have. It's a concatenation of the terms "proton" + "acid ion". All protons are effectively hydrogen atoms stripped of their electrons, which leads to the familiar term "H+" Adding protons increases acidity, hence the term "acid proton."

OK. "Acid proton" is added to the vocabulary.

Protons are positively charged subatomic particles found in the nucleus of every atom of every element.

Carbon, for example, has atomic number 6 for its 6 protons in the nucleus.

None of these are associated with hydrogen atoms.

Even just among hydrogen atoms, 99.99% have protons that not hydrogen ions.

They are bound up in molecules like water.

Alkalinity is the capacity to neutralize hydrogen ions.

IBdaMann wrote:

Im a BM wrote:

IBdaMann wrote:

Im a BM wrote:The H+ are "acid protons" or hydrogen ion.

Thank you. I had never heard that term before. Now I have. It's a concatenation of the terms "proton" + "acid ion". All protons are effectively hydrogen atoms stripped of their electrons, which leads to the familiar term "H+" Adding protons increases acidity, hence the term "acid proton."

OK. "Acid proton" is added to the vocabulary.

Protons are positively charged subatomic particles found in the nucleus of every atom of every element.

Carbon, for example, has atomic number 6 for its 6 protons in the nucleus.

None of these are associated with hydrogen atoms.

Even just among hydrogen atoms, 99.99% have protons that not hydrogen ions.

They are bound up in molecules like water.

Alkalinity is the capacity to neutralize hydrogen ions.

So acidity is therefore the capacity to neutralize acidity, yes?

Im a BM wrote:

IBdaMann wrote:

Im a BM wrote:The H+ are "acid protons" or hydrogen ion.

Thank you. I had never heard that term before. Now I have. It's a concatenation of the terms "proton" + "acid ion". All protons are effectively hydrogen atoms stripped of their electrons, which leads to the familiar term "H+" Adding protons increases acidity, hence the term "acid proton."

OK. "Acid proton" is added to the vocabulary.

Protons are positively charged subatomic particles found in the nucleus of every atom of every element.

Carbon, for example, has atomic number 6 for its 6 protons in the nucleus.

None of these are associated with hydrogen atoms.

Even just among hydrogen atoms, 99.99% have protons that not hydrogen ions.

They are bound up in molecules like water.

Alkalinity is the capacity to neutralize hydrogen ions.

IBdaMann wrote:

Im a BM wrote:
[quote]
Alkalinity is the capacity to neutralize hydrogen ions.

So acidity is therefore the capacity to neutralize acidity, yes?

IBdaMann wrote:

Im a BM wrote:Hydrogen sulfide, H2S, can be a source of sulfuric acid added to sea water.

Is sulfuric acid something I want added to sea water? Is this to somehow offset the removal of sulfur from sea water by hydrothermal vents?

Im a BM wrote:The H+ are "acid protons" or hydrogen ion.

Thank you. I had never heard that term before. Now I have. It's a concatenation of the terms "proton" + "acid ion". All protons are effectively hydrogen atoms stripped of their electrons, which leads to the familiar term "H+" Adding protons increases acidity, hence the term "acid proton."

OK. "Acid proton" is added to the vocabulary.

Im a BM wrote:

IBdaMann wrote:

Im a BM wrote:
[quote]
Alkalinity is the capacity to neutralize hydrogen ions.

So acidity is therefore the capacity to neutralize acidity, yes?

"So acidity is therefore the capacity to neutralize acidity, yes?" - IdaBM


Difficult to believe it is genuine question.

Or an attempt to instigate another word game?

Or is the "question" itself just an oxymoron?

It is certainly oxyMORONIC.

IBdaMann wrote:

Im a BM wrote:

IBdaMann wrote:

Im a BM wrote:
[quote]
Alkalinity is the capacity to neutralize hydrogen ions.

So acidity is therefore the capacity to neutralize acidity, yes?

"So acidity is therefore the capacity to neutralize acidity, yes?" - IdaBM


Difficult to believe it is genuine question.

Or an attempt to instigate another word game?

Or is the "question" itself just an oxymoron?

It is certainly oxyMORONIC.

I made a typo. It was supposed to read "So acidity is therefore the capacity to neutralize alkalinity, yes?"

Of course, you ignored my question when I worded it correctly on 12 MAR 2023: "Would you define acidity as 'alkaline neutralizing capacity?'". But if I make a typo, you rush to respond, unable to recognize it for the typo it is.

Brilliant.

.

Im a BM wrote:

IBdaMann wrote:

Im a BM wrote:
[quote]
Alkalinity is the capacity to neutralize hydrogen ions.

So acidity is therefore the capacity to neutralize acidity, yes?

"So acidity is therefore the capacity to neutralize acidity, yes?" - IdaBM


Difficult to believe it is genuine question.

Or an attempt to instigate another word game?

Or is the "question" itself just an oxymoron?

It is certainly oxyMORONIC.

Into the Night wrote:

Im a BM wrote:

IBdaMann wrote:

Im a BM wrote:
[quote]
Alkalinity is the capacity to neutralize hydrogen ions.

So acidity is therefore the capacity to neutralize acidity, yes?

"So acidity is therefore the capacity to neutralize acidity, yes?" - IdaBM


Difficult to believe it is genuine question.

Or an attempt to instigate another word game?

Or is the "question" itself just an oxymoron?

It is certainly oxyMORONIC.

HAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHA! You are ACTUALLY GOING TO TRY TO JUSTIFY YOUR WACKY STATEMENT THAT AN ACID NEUTRALIZES AN ACID!!!

IBdaMann wrote:

Im a BM wrote:

IBdaMann wrote:

Im a BM wrote:
[quote]
Alkalinity is the capacity to neutralize hydrogen ions.

So acidity is therefore the capacity to neutralize acidity, yes?

"So acidity is therefore the capacity to neutralize acidity, yes?" - IdaBM


Difficult to believe it is genuine question.

Or an attempt to instigate another word game?

Or is the "question" itself just an oxymoron?

It is certainly oxyMORONIC.

I made a typo. It was supposed to read "So acidity is therefore the capacity to neutralize alkalinity, yes?"

Of course, you ignored my question when I worded it correctly on 12 MAR 2023: "Would you define acidity as 'alkaline neutralizing capacity?'". But if I make a typo, you rush to respond, unable to recognize it for the typo it is.

Brilliant.

.

IBdaMann wrote:
[quote]
You are a liar.

You came to this site to preach non-science gibber-babble.

Chemistry is not your strength. You should give up pretending it is. You aren't going to find many on this site who will fall for your crap.

You do not have a degree in Chemistry. That much is painfully obvious.

Translation: "I wrote crap that appealed to scientifically illiterate leftist political hacktivists at local ANTIFA, BLM and Communist Party chapters!"

You were expecting respect based solely on the sheer incomprehensibility of your gibber-babble.

Im a BM wrote:

IBdaMann wrote:
[quote]
You are a liar.

You came to this site to preach non-science gibber-babble.

Chemistry is not your strength. You should give up pretending it is. You aren't going to find many on this site who will fall for your crap.

You do not have a degree in Chemistry. That much is painfully obvious.

Translation: "I wrote crap that appealed to scientifically illiterate leftist political hacktivists at local ANTIFA, BLM and Communist Party chapters!"

You were expecting respect based solely on the sheer incomprehensibility of your gibber-babble.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Nobody is forcing you to troll this website.

After eight years of doing it, it's probably a hard habit for you to break.

Nobody can stop you from trolling.

But nobody is required to join in your stupid word games.

Or answer your stupid "questions".

IBdaMann wrote:

I knew you were a liar from the start.


... and when I suggested you learn basic chemistry,

... and like all liars who can't keep their lies straight, you

You were not trying to be understood by anyone. You were trying to baffle your audience with gibberbabble in order to fool your audience into believing you are so very smart, which you wouldn't have to do if you were actually smart. I realized, however, that you actually have some chemistry background because you were quick to acknowledge that the ocean is not acidifying, however your claims that the ocean is somehow losing its alkalinity shows that have been indoctrinated into the Climate Change cult, which requires the discarding and ultimately the disdain for science, instead referring to your WACKY religion as "science" ... or rather as "thettled thienth."

Then you staunchly refused to define any of your terms.

Then you staunchly refused to answer any questions.

Your blatant dishonesty would have been patently obvious to a room full of blind men.

Then you transformed into Thunder-Troll and began spamming this board to spite those who were discussing the science your religion abhors and demonizes.

Basically, you shouldn't be wondering how everyone knew you were a dishonest troll looking to hijack the board.

Im a BM wrote:Nobody is forcing you to troll this website.

Im a BM wrote:But nobody is required to join in your stupid word games.

Im a BM wrote:Or answer your stupid "questions".

Im a BM wrote:

IBdaMann wrote:

I knew you were a liar from the start.


... and when I suggested you learn basic chemistry,

... and like all liars who can't keep their lies straight, you

You were not trying to be understood by anyone. You were trying to baffle your audience with gibberbabble in order to fool your audience into believing you are so very smart, which you wouldn't have to do if you were actually smart. I realized, however, that you actually have some chemistry background because you were quick to acknowledge that the ocean is not acidifying, however your claims that the ocean is somehow losing its alkalinity shows that have been indoctrinated into the Climate Change cult, which requires the discarding and ultimately the disdain for science, instead referring to your WACKY religion as "science" ... or rather as "thettled thienth."

Then you staunchly refused to define any of your terms.

Then you staunchly refused to answer any questions.

Your blatant dishonesty would have been patently obvious to a room full of blind men.

Then you transformed into Thunder-Troll and began spamming this board to spite those who were discussing the science your religion abhors and demonizes.

Basically, you shouldn't be wondering how everyone knew you were a dishonest troll looking to hijack the board.

How could anyone fail to respect this guy?

IBdaMann wrote:
[quote]sealover wrote:If I take a liter of pure water and add just one drop of concentrated acid, I will see a huge drop in pH.

Im a BM wrote:It is the concentration of carbonate ion that has changed so much with anthropogenic inputs of additional carbonic acid as carbon dioxide emissions.

Im a BM wrote:And if someone who actually understands chemistry is interested,

Im a BM wrote: there are some very effective and inexpensive solutions to restore alkalinity to the sea, even if we never get a handle on carbon dioxide emissions.