Climate change questionnaire

TomFines wrote:
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSc8-cJbJ3jrcyxYDFGY71I_OIx5W0RW1So1bkUPDEYaM4omUA/viewform?usp=sf_link-

This is a link to my survey that I have created as part of my A-Level Geography coursework, I would be very grateful if you could complete it honestly and truthfully, it will only take you 5 minutes.

Thank you.

TomFines wrote:
I disagree with you completely:
1. The definition of geography is: "the study of the physical features of the earth and its atmosphere, and of human activity as it affects and is affected by these, including the distribution of populations and resources and political and economic activities.", and as the climate is a feature of the Earth's atmosphere, climate change is definitely a feature of geography
2. This isn't correct, for every question there is option for a climate skeptic to fill in, and anyway a level of belief could be none at all
3. I find it very hard to believe that these days people cannot understand the words "CLIMATE CHANGE", and also I have over 100 responses.

TomFines wrote:
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSc8-cJbJ3jrcyxYDFGY71I_OIx5W0RW1So1bkUPDEYaM4omUA/viewform?usp=sf_link-

This is a link to my survey that I have created as part of my A-Level Geography coursework, I would be very grateful if you could complete it honestly and truthfully, it will only take you 5 minutes.

Thank you.

tmiddles wrote:

TomFines wrote:
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSc8-cJbJ3jrcyxYDFGY71I_OIx5W0RW1So1bkUPDEYaM4omUA/viewform?usp=sf_link-

This is a link to my survey that I have created as part of my A-Level Geography coursework, I would be very grateful if you could complete it honestly and truthfully, it will only take you 5 minutes.

Thank you.

Just took your survey. You realize of course that coming to a site like this will certainly not give you a population average, even for Trump voters (as are all of the deniers here).

Don't mind IBD. He has one mission here and it's to end debate entirely.

tmiddles wrote:
Note that every point he raises isn't actually to debate the issue, it's to debate if you may speak to it all. Of course geography has a tremendous amount to do with climate and of course climate change is easily understood, the definition anyway, by everyone but ITN/IBD.

TomFines wrote:
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSc8-cJbJ3jrcyxYDFGY71I_OIx5W0RW1So1bkUPDEYaM4omUA/viewform?usp=sf_link-

This is a link to my survey that I have created as part of my A-Level Geography coursework, I would be very grateful if you could complete it honestly and truthfully, it will only take you 5 minutes.

Thank you.

Dom_Hayes_420 wrote:
what climate change xd

Dom_Hayes_420 wrote:
what climate change xd

thomasistrouble1 wrote:

Dom_Hayes_420 wrote:
what climate change xd

grrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr ur wrong

thomasistrouble1 wrote:

Dom_Hayes_420 wrote:

thomasistrouble1 wrote:

Dom_Hayes_420 wrote:
what climate change xd

grrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr ur wrong

bro this u

if climate change isn't real how is this happening huh??? i guess ur suptid after all lOL

IBdaMann wrote:

TomFines wrote:
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSc8-cJbJ3jrcyxYDFGY71I_OIx5W0RW1So1bkUPDEYaM4omUA/viewform?usp=sf_link-

This is a link to my survey that I have created as part of my A-Level Geography coursework, I would be very grateful if you could complete it honestly and truthfully, it will only take you 5 minutes.

Thank you.

I have a bunch of bad news for you.

1) The Climate Change religion has nothing to do with geography.
2) Your survey only applies to believers in the Climate Change religion as it is designed to ascertain their level of belief.
3) Your survey cannot have any practical value whatsoever until you unambiguously define "Climate" and "Climate Change." One would have thought that these unambiguous definitions would have been the very first words on your survey but they are, in fact, nowhere to be found. This might be the reason so few people are taking your survey.

thomasistrouble1 wrote:
Plants do need carbon dioxide (CO2) to live. Plants and forests remove and store away huge amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere each year. But the problem is, there's only so much carbon dioxide they can absorb and this amount is getting less, as more and more forests are cut down across the world, largely to produce our food.

Let's be clear, CO2 itself does not cause problems. It's part of the natural global ecosystem. The problem is the quantity of CO2 that's being produced by us as humans; there hasn't been this level of CO2 in the atmosphere for 800,000 years.

The only reason there is climate change is because of china this is because communists are advocating climate change to take over the capitalists and communists want to bring climate change to save us all

"You cannot shake hands with a clenched fist." - Indira Gandhi

"How did the ice.. get in the bottle??" - Imran Hussein

"Thats a bit Fishy.." - Dominic G Hayes (Creator of the Feren OS operating system)

"I was wrong. I wasn't eating ghouls. I'm the one who was being eaten." - Kaneki

"Don't care" - Samuel L Johnson

TomF1 wrote:

TomFines wrote:
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSc8-cJbJ3jrcyxYDFGY71I_OIx5W0RW1So1bkUPDEYaM4omUA/viewform?usp=sf_link-

This is a link to my survey that I have created as part of my A-Level Geography coursework, I would be very grateful if you could complete it honestly and truthfully, it will only take you 5 minutes.

Thank you.

Global warming is the long-term rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system.

TomF1 wrote:
It is a major aspect of climate change, and has been demonstrated by direct temperature measurements and by measurements of various effects of the warming.

TomF1 wrote:
[1][2] The terms global warming and climate change are often used interchangeably.[3]

TomF1 wrote:
However, speaking more accurately, global warming denotes the mainly human-caused increase in global surface temperatures and its projected continuation,

TomF1 wrote:
[4] but climate change includes both global warming and its effects,

TomF1 wrote:
such as changes in precipitation.

TomF1 wrote:
[5] While there have been prehistoric periods of global warming,

TomF1 wrote:
[6] many observed changes since the mid-20th century have been unprecedented over decades to millennia.[1][7]

TomF1 wrote:
The effects of global warming include rising sea levels,

TomF1 wrote:
regional changes in precipitation,

TomF1 wrote:
more frequent extreme weather events such as heat waves,

TomF1 wrote:
and expansion of deserts.

TomF1 wrote:
[13] Ocean acidification

TomF1 wrote:
is also caused by greenhouse gas emissions

TomF1 wrote:
and is commonly grouped with these effects even though it is not driven by temperature.

TomF1 wrote:
Surface temperature increases are greatest in the Arctic,

TomF1 wrote:
which has contributed to the retreat of glaciers,

TomF1 wrote:
permafrost,

TomF1 wrote:
and sea ice.

TomF1 wrote:
Overall, higher temperatures bring more rain and snowfall,

TomF1 wrote:
but for some regions droughts and wildfires increase instead.

TomF1 wrote:
[14] Climate change threatens to diminish crop yields,

TomF1 wrote:
harming food security,

TomF1 wrote:
and rising sea levels may flood coastal infrastructure and force the abandonment of many coastal cities.[15]

TomF1 wrote:
Environmental impacts include the extinction or relocation of many species as their ecosystems change,

TomF1 wrote:
most immediately the environments of coral reefs,

TomF1 wrote:
16] mountains,

TomF1 wrote:
and the Arctic.

Into the Night wrote:

TomF1 wrote:

TomFines wrote:
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSc8-cJbJ3jrcyxYDFGY71I_OIx5W0RW1So1bkUPDEYaM4omUA/viewform?usp=sf_link-

This is a link to my survey that I have created as part of my A-Level Geography coursework, I would be very grateful if you could complete it honestly and truthfully, it will only take you 5 minutes.

Thank you.

Global warming is the long-term rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system.

So 'global warming' is defined as 'global warming'. Circular definition. Try again.

TomF1 wrote:
It is a major aspect of climate change, and has been demonstrated by direct temperature measurements and by measurements of various effects of the warming.

Define 'climate change'. It is not possible to measure the temperature of the Earth. Assigning 'effects' to an undefined phrase is just religion.

TomF1 wrote:
[1][2] The terms global warming and climate change are often used interchangeably.[3]

So their synonyms? How do you define 'climate change' using an undefined phrase 'global warming'? When is this warming? From when to when? Why are those two times significant? Why are any other two times not significant? How are you measuring the temperature of the Earth? We don't have anywhere near enough thermometers.

TomF1 wrote:
However, speaking more accurately, global warming denotes the mainly human-caused increase in global surface temperatures and its projected continuation,

The surface temperatures of Earth are unknown. How can you project what you do not know? Define 'global warming'.

TomF1 wrote:
[4] but climate change includes both global warming and its effects,

Circular definitions. You can't define 'climate change' as <undefined> and its <undefined effects>. This is called a buzzword fallacy.

TomF1 wrote:
such as changes in precipitation.

Precipitation changes all the time. It's one aspect of what we call 'weather'.

TomF1 wrote:
[5] While there have been prehistoric periods of global warming,

Define 'global warming'. Define 'climate change'. You still have not managed to define either phrase.

TomF1 wrote:
[6] many observed changes since the mid-20th century have been unprecedented over decades to millennia.[1][7]

Undefined time frame. Decades to millennia?? Define 'unprecedented. Who was observing the entire Earth of weather a thousand years ago??

TomF1 wrote:
The effects of global warming include rising sea levels,

What rising sea levels? We built an airport during WW2 in the Maldives, a spit of sand out in the Pacific Ocean. They are still there. The ocean hasn't consumed them? It's not possible to measure a global sea level. There is no valid reference point. Land moves, you see. It even has a tide like the oceans.

TomF1 wrote:
regional changes in precipitation,

Define 'regional'. How big is this 'region'? What is so different from 'weather'? How are you measuring precipitation in this 'region'? It's only possible to measure precipitation in a 1 inch square rain gauge.

TomF1 wrote:
more frequent extreme weather events such as heat waves,

Define 'heat wave'. What do consider a 'heat wave', quantitatively? How are you measuring them? Who was measuring them 1000 years ago?

TomF1 wrote:
and expansion of deserts.

Deserts aren't expanding. They occur in the same place as always and for the same reason.

TomF1 wrote:
[13] Ocean acidification

Ocean water is alkaline. It is not possible to acidify an alkaline. See acid-base chemistry.

TomF1 wrote:
is also caused by greenhouse gas emissions

Define 'greenhouse gas'. Describe the 'greenhouse effect' without violating the 1st or 2nd laws of thermodynamics or the Stefan-Boltzmann law.

TomF1 wrote:
and is commonly grouped with these effects even though it is not driven by temperature.

What 'effects'?? You haven't defined 'climate change' or 'global warming' yet!

TomF1 wrote:
Surface temperature increases are greatest in the Arctic,

No one is measuring the temperature of the Arctic. There are not enough thermometers there.

TomF1 wrote:
which has contributed to the retreat of glaciers,

What about the advancing ones?

TomF1 wrote:
permafrost,

Permafrost melts on the surface anyway every summer. It's the underlying soil that stays cold, and it isn't melting.

TomF1 wrote:
and sea ice.

The winter Arctic ice extent has been growing the last few years. In 2014, the Antarctic winter ice extent was the largest ever recorded. These go up and down as part of normal variance.

TomF1 wrote:
Overall, higher temperatures bring more rain and snowfall,

How is 'higher temperature', and 'rain and snowfall' being measured. I will call this argument 1.

TomF1 wrote:
but for some regions droughts and wildfires increase instead.

Define 'drought'. The only reason wildfire is increasing in California is because ecologists prevent anyone from removing brush and dead wood like they used to. I will call this argument 2.

You are now locked in paradox. You are now attempting to assign conflicting 'effects' to the same 'cause' (whatever those 'effects' actually are, or whatever that 'cause' actually is).

Arguing both sides of a paradox is irrational. You must clear the paradox by choosing 1 or 2. It can't be both!

TomF1 wrote:
[14] Climate change threatens to diminish crop yields,

We grow more food than ever. What is diminished? Define 'climate change'.

TomF1 wrote:
harming food security,

We grow more food than ever. There is no such thing as 'food security'.

TomF1 wrote:
and rising sea levels may flood coastal infrastructure and force the abandonment of many coastal cities.[15]

The only cities flooding are those on sinking land or silting up river deltas. It is not possible to measure global sea level. There is no valid reference point.

TomF1 wrote:
Environmental impacts include the extinction or relocation of many species as their ecosystems change,

Which ones? Define 'ecosystem change'. Define how this relates to an undefined phrase? Define 'climate change'.

TomF1 wrote:
most immediately the environments of coral reefs,

A coral reef isn't an environment. It is a reef. It simply is.

TomF1 wrote:
16] mountains,

A mountain is not an environment. It is a mountain. it simply is.

TomF1 wrote:
and the Arctic.

The Arctic is not an environment. It simply is.
...removed unrelated material...

spot wrote:
Best thread ever in the history of climate debate forum!

You kids should stay, But be warned you that you will fail science and end up flipping burgers or something if you get
help with your homework from this place x

Dom_Hayes_420 wrote:
Thus, to conclude my epic battle with you imbeciles, one must declare that in reality, climate change really is not actually real as it is just the made up balderdash of thomas fines!

Taxpayers will be responsible for bill when Florida's springs run dry
By: Christopher Heath
Posted: Nov 13, 2019 04:53 PM EST
Updated: Nov 14, 2019 05:16 AM EST


Video
ORLANDO, Fla. - Florida gives its water away for free to residents and companies who then bottle it and sell it to the highest bidder.

Taxpayers are then left to foot the bill to replace it.

Channel 9's investigative reporter Christopher Heath discovered when the springs run dry, taxpayers fork over millions to repair the damage.

"We made an investment in the well because we wanted to make our landscaping nice," said Don Phillips, a resident in Lake County.

Phillips has a direct source for inexpensive water, a backyard well.

"A lot of us put wells in when the water started going up," Phillips said.

Florida's water is a public resource by law, meaning it exists for residents to use it for free.

Private companies and private individuals get Florida's free water and sell it for a profit.

Dr. Bob Knight is the executive director of the Florida Springs Institute.

Over the years, Knight's watched as companies from Nestle to Niagara have tapped into the water supply to turn a profit.

"That's a good deal if you can get it. That's a very good deal but it's a bad deal for the people of Florida," Knight said. "Even Silver Springs, Florida's first tourist attraction is not immune from pumping, just feet from where I'm standing, water is pumped out. The water then travels about a quarter-mile to this tower where the trucks line up to take the water away."

"We treat it like it's infinite, and it's not. It's a fixed amount that we get each year," Knight said.

When the springs are taxed from the withdrawals, taxpayers will be responsible.

In 2018, the Legislature set aside $50 million for springs restoration

"The water bottling companies are profiting off the free water that the public is giving them," Knight said.

In the northeast part of Central Florida, covered by the Saint John's river water management district, five companies have permits totaling 800 million gallons a year.

While that is just a small fraction of total usage, it is still, water that is given away, to be sold.

Channel 9 reached out to various water companies but did not hear back.

Some states, like Connecticut and Maine, collect fees for bottle water.

A decade ago, Florida considered a similar fee structure, but that idea failed and has not been brought back.

spot wrote:
It must take ages to go through everyone's post like that, imagine what you could achieve if you used your energy for something constructive.

spot wrote:

Into the Night wrote:

TomF1 wrote:

TomFines wrote:
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSc8-cJbJ3jrcyxYDFGY71I_OIx5W0RW1So1bkUPDEYaM4omUA/viewform?usp=sf_link-

This is a link to my survey that I have created as part of my A-Level Geography coursework, I would be very grateful if you could complete it honestly and truthfully, it will only take you 5 minutes.

Thank you.

Global warming is the long-term rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system.

So 'global warming' is defined as 'global warming'. Circular definition. Try again.

TomF1 wrote:
It is a major aspect of climate change, and has been demonstrated by direct temperature measurements and by measurements of various effects of the warming.

Define 'climate change'. It is not possible to measure the temperature of the Earth. Assigning 'effects' to an undefined phrase is just religion.

TomF1 wrote:
[1][2] The terms global warming and climate change are often used interchangeably.[3]

So their synonyms? How do you define 'climate change' using an undefined phrase 'global warming'? When is this warming? From when to when? Why are those two times significant? Why are any other two times not significant? How are you measuring the temperature of the Earth? We don't have anywhere near enough thermometers.

TomF1 wrote:
However, speaking more accurately, global warming denotes the mainly human-caused increase in global surface temperatures and its projected continuation,

The surface temperatures of Earth are unknown. How can you project what you do not know? Define 'global warming'.

TomF1 wrote:
[4] but climate change includes both global warming and its effects,

Circular definitions. You can't define 'climate change' as <undefined> and its <undefined effects>. This is called a buzzword fallacy.

TomF1 wrote:
such as changes in precipitation.

Precipitation changes all the time. It's one aspect of what we call 'weather'.

TomF1 wrote:
[5] While there have been prehistoric periods of global warming,

Define 'global warming'. Define 'climate change'. You still have not managed to define either phrase.

TomF1 wrote:
[6] many observed changes since the mid-20th century have been unprecedented over decades to millennia.[1][7]

Undefined time frame. Decades to millennia?? Define 'unprecedented. Who was observing the entire Earth of weather a thousand years ago??

TomF1 wrote:
The effects of global warming include rising sea levels,

What rising sea levels? We built an airport during WW2 in the Maldives, a spit of sand out in the Pacific Ocean. They are still there. The ocean hasn't consumed them? It's not possible to measure a global sea level. There is no valid reference point. Land moves, you see. It even has a tide like the oceans.

TomF1 wrote:
regional changes in precipitation,

Define 'regional'. How big is this 'region'? What is so different from 'weather'? How are you measuring precipitation in this 'region'? It's only possible to measure precipitation in a 1 inch square rain gauge.

TomF1 wrote:
more frequent extreme weather events such as heat waves,

Define 'heat wave'. What do consider a 'heat wave', quantitatively? How are you measuring them? Who was measuring them 1000 years ago?

TomF1 wrote:
and expansion of deserts.

Deserts aren't expanding. They occur in the same place as always and for the same reason.

TomF1 wrote:
[13] Ocean acidification

Ocean water is alkaline. It is not possible to acidify an alkaline. See acid-base chemistry.

TomF1 wrote:
is also caused by greenhouse gas emissions

Define 'greenhouse gas'. Describe the 'greenhouse effect' without violating the 1st or 2nd laws of thermodynamics or the Stefan-Boltzmann law.

TomF1 wrote:
and is commonly grouped with these effects even though it is not driven by temperature.

What 'effects'?? You haven't defined 'climate change' or 'global warming' yet!

TomF1 wrote:
Surface temperature increases are greatest in the Arctic,

No one is measuring the temperature of the Arctic. There are not enough thermometers there.

TomF1 wrote:
which has contributed to the retreat of glaciers,

What about the advancing ones?

TomF1 wrote:
permafrost,

Permafrost melts on the surface anyway every summer. It's the underlying soil that stays cold, and it isn't melting.

TomF1 wrote:
and sea ice.

The winter Arctic ice extent has been growing the last few years. In 2014, the Antarctic winter ice extent was the largest ever recorded. These go up and down as part of normal variance.

TomF1 wrote:
Overall, higher temperatures bring more rain and snowfall,

How is 'higher temperature', and 'rain and snowfall' being measured. I will call this argument 1.

TomF1 wrote:
but for some regions droughts and wildfires increase instead.

Define 'drought'. The only reason wildfire is increasing in California is because ecologists prevent anyone from removing brush and dead wood like they used to. I will call this argument 2.

You are now locked in paradox. You are now attempting to assign conflicting 'effects' to the same 'cause' (whatever those 'effects' actually are, or whatever that 'cause' actually is).

Arguing both sides of a paradox is irrational. You must clear the paradox by choosing 1 or 2. It can't be both!

TomF1 wrote:
[14] Climate change threatens to diminish crop yields,

We grow more food than ever. What is diminished? Define 'climate change'.

TomF1 wrote:
harming food security,

We grow more food than ever. There is no such thing as 'food security'.

TomF1 wrote:
and rising sea levels may flood coastal infrastructure and force the abandonment of many coastal cities.[15]

The only cities flooding are those on sinking land or silting up river deltas. It is not possible to measure global sea level. There is no valid reference point.

TomF1 wrote:
Environmental impacts include the extinction or relocation of many species as their ecosystems change,

Which ones? Define 'ecosystem change'. Define how this relates to an undefined phrase? Define 'climate change'.

TomF1 wrote:
most immediately the environments of coral reefs,

A coral reef isn't an environment. It is a reef. It simply is.

TomF1 wrote:
16] mountains,

A mountain is not an environment. It is a mountain. it simply is.

TomF1 wrote:
and the Arctic.

The Arctic is not an environment. It simply is.
...removed unrelated material...

You seem to make use of a lot of meaningless buzzwords, assumed measurements that were never done, and conclusions based on these meaningless buzzwords and void of data.

* It is not possible to measure the temperature of the Earth. There are not enough thermometers.
* It is not possible to use satellites to measure absolute temperatures. The emissivity of Earth is unknown.
* It is not possible to measure a global sea level using reference points that move.
* It is not possible to measure global precipitation or even 'regional' precipitation, unless that 'region' is the size of the 1 inch square rain gauge opening.
* It is possible to measure the size and relative strength of hurricanes. That data is stored at the National Hurricane Center. It shows there has been no increase in the frequency or strength of storms overall.
* It is not possible to measure the temperature of anything much beyond where a thermometer is located. Temperatures can vary as much as 20 deg F per mile. If you are going to try to use statistical math to calculate a global temperature at any given moment, you must:
1) use raw data free of bias. No cooked data allowed. Bias sources for temperature are time and location grouping. Their effects must be eliminated. Readings must be at the same time (by the same authority) and thermometers must be uniformly spaced.
2) publish that raw data, who collected it, when it was collected, and the instrumentation used to collect it.
3) select from that raw data by randN (same random number as found in playing cards).
4) declare the variance used.
5) normalize that selection by paired randR (same random number on two or more dice).
6) calculate mean, and calculate margin of error. Both numbers are required to give the summary any meaning.
* Statistical math is not capable of prediction normally inherent in mathematics due to its use of random numbers. It can only summarize past or present data. Each summary is independent of all other summaries, even if the same data and variance source is used.
* It IS possible to measure ice extent using satellites. The winter ice extent (square miles of polar ice) is in a database at the National Snow and Ice data center in Colorado. It shows the Arctic has been growing the last few years. It is not possible to measure the thickness of this ice.
* It is not possible to measure the total snow and ice on Earth. That changes by the minute due to weather.
* It is not possible to measure global precipitation. That changes by the minute due to weather.
* It is not possible to measure the pH of the ocean. It is possible to measure the pH of a sample of water though. pH varies from place to place in the ocean. We don't know by how much.
* it is not possible to measure a global CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. CO2 is not uniformly distributed in the atmosphere. We don't have enough stations, and they are on the surface.
* No gas or vapor has the capability to warm the Earth simply by being there. It is not possible to create energy out of nothing (1st law of thermodynamics). Assuming the same Sun output, the temperature of the Earth is the same. It cannot change due to some magick gas.

James___ wrote:

Dom_Hayes_420 wrote:
Thus, to conclude my epic battle with you imbeciles, one must declare that in reality, climate change really is not actually real as it is just the made up balderdash of thomas fines!

There are different types of climate change.

James___ wrote:
The Dust Bowl in the 1930s was the result of man made climate change.

James___ wrote:
In that region, the grasses that helped to keep the ground moist were plowed under.

James___ wrote:
The rainfall wasn't sufficient to compensate and they did not know about the Ogallala Aquifer.
Proof that man can take arable land and make it worthless because they changed the climate.

James___ wrote:
And it's happening today in the US west of the Mississippi River.

James___ wrote:
Heard about wildfires in California? The ground is lacking in water.

TomF1 wrote:

spot wrote:

Into the Night wrote:

TomF1 wrote:

TomFines wrote:
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSc8-cJbJ3jrcyxYDFGY71I_OIx5W0RW1So1bkUPDEYaM4omUA/viewform?usp=sf_link-

This is a link to my survey that I have created as part of my A-Level Geography coursework, I would be very grateful if you could complete it honestly and truthfully, it will only take you 5 minutes.

Thank you.

Global warming is the long-term rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system.

So 'global warming' is defined as 'global warming'. Circular definition. Try again.

TomF1 wrote:
It is a major aspect of climate change, and has been demonstrated by direct temperature measurements and by measurements of various effects of the warming.

Define 'climate change'. It is not possible to measure the temperature of the Earth. Assigning 'effects' to an undefined phrase is just religion.

TomF1 wrote:
[1][2] The terms global warming and climate change are often used interchangeably.[3]

So their synonyms? How do you define 'climate change' using an undefined phrase 'global warming'? When is this warming? From when to when? Why are those two times significant? Why are any other two times not significant? How are you measuring the temperature of the Earth? We don't have anywhere near enough thermometers.

TomF1 wrote:
However, speaking more accurately, global warming denotes the mainly human-caused increase in global surface temperatures and its projected continuation,

The surface temperatures of Earth are unknown. How can you project what you do not know? Define 'global warming'.

TomF1 wrote:
[4] but climate change includes both global warming and its effects,

Circular definitions. You can't define 'climate change' as <undefined> and its <undefined effects>. This is called a buzzword fallacy.

TomF1 wrote:
such as changes in precipitation.

Precipitation changes all the time. It's one aspect of what we call 'weather'.

TomF1 wrote:
[5] While there have been prehistoric periods of global warming,

Define 'global warming'. Define 'climate change'. You still have not managed to define either phrase.

TomF1 wrote:
[6] many observed changes since the mid-20th century have been unprecedented over decades to millennia.[1][7]

Undefined time frame. Decades to millennia?? Define 'unprecedented. Who was observing the entire Earth of weather a thousand years ago??

TomF1 wrote:
The effects of global warming include rising sea levels,

What rising sea levels? We built an airport during WW2 in the Maldives, a spit of sand out in the Pacific Ocean. They are still there. The ocean hasn't consumed them? It's not possible to measure a global sea level. There is no valid reference point. Land moves, you see. It even has a tide like the oceans.

TomF1 wrote:
regional changes in precipitation,

Define 'regional'. How big is this 'region'? What is so different from 'weather'? How are you measuring precipitation in this 'region'? It's only possible to measure precipitation in a 1 inch square rain gauge.

TomF1 wrote:
more frequent extreme weather events such as heat waves,

Define 'heat wave'. What do consider a 'heat wave', quantitatively? How are you measuring them? Who was measuring them 1000 years ago?

TomF1 wrote:
and expansion of deserts.

Deserts aren't expanding. They occur in the same place as always and for the same reason.

TomF1 wrote:
[13] Ocean acidification

Ocean water is alkaline. It is not possible to acidify an alkaline. See acid-base chemistry.

TomF1 wrote:
is also caused by greenhouse gas emissions

Define 'greenhouse gas'. Describe the 'greenhouse effect' without violating the 1st or 2nd laws of thermodynamics or the Stefan-Boltzmann law.

TomF1 wrote:
and is commonly grouped with these effects even though it is not driven by temperature.

What 'effects'?? You haven't defined 'climate change' or 'global warming' yet!

TomF1 wrote:
Surface temperature increases are greatest in the Arctic,

No one is measuring the temperature of the Arctic. There are not enough thermometers there.

TomF1 wrote:
which has contributed to the retreat of glaciers,

What about the advancing ones?

TomF1 wrote:
permafrost,

Permafrost melts on the surface anyway every summer. It's the underlying soil that stays cold, and it isn't melting.

TomF1 wrote:
and sea ice.

The winter Arctic ice extent has been growing the last few years. In 2014, the Antarctic winter ice extent was the largest ever recorded. These go up and down as part of normal variance.

TomF1 wrote:
Overall, higher temperatures bring more rain and snowfall,

How is 'higher temperature', and 'rain and snowfall' being measured. I will call this argument 1.

TomF1 wrote:
but for some regions droughts and wildfires increase instead.

Define 'drought'. The only reason wildfire is increasing in California is because ecologists prevent anyone from removing brush and dead wood like they used to. I will call this argument 2.

You are now locked in paradox. You are now attempting to assign conflicting 'effects' to the same 'cause' (whatever those 'effects' actually are, or whatever that 'cause' actually is).

Arguing both sides of a paradox is irrational. You must clear the paradox by choosing 1 or 2. It can't be both!

TomF1 wrote:
[14] Climate change threatens to diminish crop yields,

We grow more food than ever. What is diminished? Define 'climate change'.

TomF1 wrote:
harming food security,

We grow more food than ever. There is no such thing as 'food security'.

TomF1 wrote:
and rising sea levels may flood coastal infrastructure and force the abandonment of many coastal cities.[15]

The only cities flooding are those on sinking land or silting up river deltas. It is not possible to measure global sea level. There is no valid reference point.

TomF1 wrote:
Environmental impacts include the extinction or relocation of many species as their ecosystems change,

Which ones? Define 'ecosystem change'. Define how this relates to an undefined phrase? Define 'climate change'.

TomF1 wrote:
most immediately the environments of coral reefs,

A coral reef isn't an environment. It is a reef. It simply is.

TomF1 wrote:
16] mountains,

A mountain is not an environment. It is a mountain. it simply is.

TomF1 wrote:
and the Arctic.

The Arctic is not an environment. It simply is.
...removed unrelated material...

You seem to make use of a lot of meaningless buzzwords, assumed measurements that were never done, and conclusions based on these meaningless buzzwords and void of data.

* It is not possible to measure the temperature of the Earth. There are not enough thermometers.
* It is not possible to use satellites to measure absolute temperatures. The emissivity of Earth is unknown.
* It is not possible to measure a global sea level using reference points that move.
* It is not possible to measure global precipitation or even 'regional' precipitation, unless that 'region' is the size of the 1 inch square rain gauge opening.
* It is possible to measure the size and relative strength of hurricanes. That data is stored at the National Hurricane Center. It shows there has been no increase in the frequency or strength of storms overall.
* It is not possible to measure the temperature of anything much beyond where a thermometer is located. Temperatures can vary as much as 20 deg F per mile. If you are going to try to use statistical math to calculate a global temperature at any given moment, you must:
1) use raw data free of bias. No cooked data allowed. Bias sources for temperature are time and location grouping. Their effects must be eliminated. Readings must be at the same time (by the same authority) and thermometers must be uniformly spaced.
2) publish that raw data, who collected it, when it was collected, and the instrumentation used to collect it.
3) select from that raw data by randN (same random number as found in playing cards).
4) declare the variance used.
5) normalize that selection by paired randR (same random number on two or more dice).
6) calculate mean, and calculate margin of error. Both numbers are required to give the summary any meaning.
* Statistical math is not capable of prediction normally inherent in mathematics due to its use of random numbers. It can only summarize past or present data. Each summary is independent of all other summaries, even if the same data and variance source is used.
* It IS possible to measure ice extent using satellites. The winter ice extent (square miles of polar ice) is in a database at the National Snow and Ice data center in Colorado. It shows the Arctic has been growing the last few years. It is not possible to measure the thickness of this ice.
* It is not possible to measure the total snow and ice on Earth. That changes by the minute due to weather.
* It is not possible to measure global precipitation. That changes by the minute due to weather.
* It is not possible to measure the pH of the ocean. It is possible to measure the pH of a sample of water though. pH varies from place to place in the ocean. We don't know by how much.
* it is not possible to measure a global CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. CO2 is not uniformly distributed in the atmosphere. We don't have enough stations, and they are on the surface.
* No gas or vapor has the capability to warm the Earth simply by being there. It is not possible to create energy out of nothing (1st law of thermodynamics). Assuming the same Sun output, the temperature of the Earth is the same. It cannot change due to some magick gas.

It must take ages to go through everyone's post like that, imagine what you could achieve if you used your energy for something constructive.

Dom_Hayes_420 wrote:
Can you guys just do his god damn questionaire

Dom_Hayes_420 wrote:

TomF1 wrote:
21Chapter 1
I am a black cat, 13 years old and an 8th grader attending to the first day of my new middle school. You can call me Rhon, my fake name, or at least a name my mother would never give me. Why did I say that? Well, you'll probably find out later. For now, let me tell you the rules of my world. I have powers that nobody else has; everybody has their own unique powers. Their all born with incredible abilities that can be use to help protect animals around the world or use them to cause war against everyone. These schools that children and teenagers go to are not normal schools, well at least not in your world. We learn certain combat phases that can teach us how to use our powers in offensive and defensive forms. That is all I can tell you what happens around here and how it happens, for now.

Chapter 1

I walked past the front gate of the "Bergleeuw Middle School", "Mountain Lion Middle School" in Dutch. I walk towards what seemed to be the center of the school. There seemed to be what looked like a thousand students, waiting for the bell to ring to go to class. I grabbed my hood from my black jacket and hid my face. "I don't trust anyone", I thought to myself. I never was the type of person who is socially active. After waiting for six minutes, the bell had rung. I pulled out a pink piece of paper from my pocket and examined it. It was my class schedule and map of the entire school. Room B2 was where I needed to go. I then quickly walked to the left, then right, to face the entrance to B2. Ounce I walked inside, there was huge writing on the board that said, "Take any seat you like and wait for further instructions." So I did. After a few seconds, students came walking in the classroom. Some were talking to their new or old friends. The bell then rung again, meaning that class has started and anybody who attends is late. Ounce everybody took their seat, a red fox appeared In front of the class. "My name is Mr. Hamsten or you may call me Mr. H. I will be assigning each and every one of you in four groups of six and will also be assigning you to another classroom." Everyone was excited in who will be there class mates and started to whisper to each other. "Ahem," Mr. Hamsten interrupted, "We will start with Group A. May the following stand up and sit in the first row of seats. Rick, Paul, Jack, Ben, Jessie, and Samantha." Soon, everybody who was called stood up and walked towards the first row of tables. "Now, may Group B sit on the second row. Michelle, John, Josh, Julienne, Adam, and Rose. Group C may sit on the third row. Drake, Tom, Celina, Christine, Sabrina, and Mike. Finally, the last group to sit on the last row of seats in Group D are: Maddy, Janet, Maria, Conner, Aden, and Rohn." As soon as Mr. Hamsten finished listing Group D, I moved towards the back row of tables in the classroom. "I will list up on the board in which group will be heading towards their assigned class." A few seconds after Mr. Hamsten was done writing, I soon noticed that I will be going to Room G1. "As soon as the bell rings, you may start heading towards your class room." And so the bell rung. I examined the pink map then darted to G1. As I walked inside the classroom, I noticed that all the desks had names taped on them. "#1 Janet, #2 Conner, #3 Rohn, #4 Maria, #5 Aden, and # 6 Maddy." I took a seat at my assigned desk and so did the others as they walk in. A white and grey colored bunny stood up from her desk and said, "Good morning everyone! My name is Ms. Rosewell. I will be your teacher from now on for the entire school year. Today we will talk to everyone and get to know each other and then show our abilities as well." The student to my left was a brown dog who started the conversation to everybody. I soon mesmerized the desks and knew that he was Conner. "Hello everyone, my name is Conner. I grew up with my older brother in Alaska then moved to this state." "My name is Maddy," the cheetah said, "and this is my twin sister, Maria!" introducing to the other cheetah. "Sup" she said. "We grew up with our mother and pretty much worked our lives to here." "Well my name is Aden," the grey wolf replied "I don't have any siblings, but I did grow up with my cousins in a barn not too far away from here." "M-my name is J-Janet," the grey bunny stammered. It was easy to notice that she was the type of person to be shy. "I-I came from C-Canada to learn from this school." After she finished her sentence, everyone looked at me. ".... My name is Rohn and I grew up in an orphanage."