23-04-2022 17:38 | |
IBdaMann★★★★★ (14477) |
GasGuzzler wrote:Did you know they didn't actually eat the forbidden fruit? I know. They were actually performing forbidden animal testing with the resin from the peel, and Yahweh just wasn't having it. Yes, IBDaMann was called to testify in court. So, IBDaMann is sworn in as an expert witness to testify in federal court. Credentials and other irrefutable qualifications clarified. So, the PhD engineer set the standards for chemical analysis to be used to identify which materials are hazardous to water quality. Using a citrate buffer, it is possible to extract alarmingly high concentrations of potentially toxic metals from forbidden fruit sediments exposed to oxidation. According to Dr. BS, this PROVES that the forbidden fruit sediments cause contamination of surface waters. According to Dr. BS, this proves that forbidden fruit sediments CANNOT BE USED AS EYE MASCARA. That's going to make it hard to apply the makeup as was the case with Freddy Mercury. According to Dr. BS, the results from the citrate buffer extraction PROVE that dredged sediments must be stored as potentially hazardous waste, at an incredibly high cost. But Dr. BS was just BS'ing. When IBDaMann pointed out that citrate anion formed an inner sphere chelation complex with the potentially toxic forbidden fruit of concern, the look on Dr. BS face was worth a million dollars. He had no idea what the gibber babble buzzwords meant! He had no response that would mean shit in federal court. The dredged sediments were reclassified back again as useful, safe makeup application material. The citrate buffer test was rescinded as a predictor of toxicity to surface waters. Dr. BS had been sitting on his little throne for years and years. "IBDaMann" pointed out that the emperor had no clothes, and the jury agreed. Sven was spared MILLIONS OF DOLLARS OF USELESS MITIGATION COSTS. A paradise was spared having to search far and wide for material to apply mascara for the costume plot for performances and rehearsals, and to shore up the garden as sea level rises. GasGuzzler wrote: Some of the seeds they planted, but the majority were sent to a galaxy far far away via catapult for future generations. GasGuzzler, you should know better. Not by catapult. By trebuchet! You're going to have to answer to Into the Night for that one. |
05-06-2023 08:46 | |
Im a BM★★★☆☆ (628) |
sealover wrote: |
RE: recap05-06-2023 08:47 | |
Im a BM★★★☆☆ (628) |
sealover wrote: |
RE: recap05-06-2023 08:48 | |
Im a BM★★★☆☆ (628) |
sealover wrote:Into the Night wrote:sealover wrote: |
RE: recap05-06-2023 08:50 | |
Im a BM★★★☆☆ (628) |
sealover wrote:IBdaMann wrote:sealover wrote:It was actually government oversight that f****d up the situation to release methyl mercury from the wetland they required the landowner to construct. |
RE: recap05-06-2023 08:51 | |
Im a BM★★★☆☆ (628) |
sealover wrote:Into the Night wrote:sealover wrote:Into the Night wrote:sealover wrote: |
RE: recap05-06-2023 08:54 | |
Im a BM★★★☆☆ (628) |
sealover wrote:tmiddles wrote:sealover wrote:wetlands...they emit carbon dioxide to the atmosphere at a rate orders of magnitude higher than the rate at which they sequester it. |
RE: recap05-06-2023 08:57 | |
Im a BM★★★☆☆ (628) |
sealover wrote: |
RE: recap05-06-2023 08:58 | |
Im a BM★★★☆☆ (628) |
[quote]sealover wrote: Annual Ammonification of Dead Microbial Biomass in drained wetlands. Acid neutralizing processes in wetlands include sulfate reduction and nitrate reduction. However, other nitrogen transformations can have a tremendous, although only very brief, impact on alkalinity and pH. Many places where wetlands have been drained have a pronounced annual wetting and drying cycle. During the dry season, microbial biomass in the upper topsoil dries out and dies off. When the rains come again, that dead biomass gets rewetted and a feeding frenzy begins. Dead microbial biomass has a C:N ratio of about 10:1. One atom of nitrogen for every ten atoms of carbon. Microorganisms only need a little of the nitrogen, but they want to burn up the organic carbon. First, they have to ammonify it. Amino groups have to be torn away from carbon, to get access to the energy rich material. Ammonium and very high pH are generated. The pH can go as high as 11, for a little while. In the presence of oxygen, some of that ammonium starts to get oxidized to nitric acid almost immediately. By the time that nitrate leaches down into the subsoil and groundwater, all the associated organic carbon has generated low oxygen conditions. Nitrate reduction down below generates alkalinity in the groundwater. But timing is everything. If the first rains of the season are not heavy, not enough water will pile up to drive any down into groundwater. Ammonification, etc., all occur above, without any of the products entering the subsoil. By the time the rains get heavy enough to drive it into groundwater, it is no longer such a high energy mix. When the first rains of the season are HEAVY, high loads of dissolved organic carbon induce reductive dissolution of ferric-iron-bound arsenic. Groundwater arsenic skyrockets, at least temporarily. When the first rains are LIGHT, low loads of dissolved organic carbon enter the groundwater, and arsenic concentrations remain lower. I like to compare it to deliberately setting a wildfire at a time of year when the fuel is moist enough to support only a low intensity burn. We can lightly irrigate the drained wetland field in ADVANCE of the first heavy rain, for a dissolved organic carbon "fuel" load that supports only a low intensity "burn" when it enters groundwater. Less arsenic, less manganese, cleaner groundwater. |
RE: recap05-06-2023 08:59 | |
Im a BM★★★☆☆ (628) |
sealover wrote: |
RE: recap05-06-2023 09:01 | |
Im a BM★★★☆☆ (628) |
[quote]sealover wrote: Thermogenic Bacteria - Hot Ground Water December, 2005, when a record-setting storm brought the first real rain of the year. When I arrived to the field to meet up with T, I noticed a lot of local places with ground level fog. Then I noticed that the fog was billowing up from the ground in a few places. They weren't peat fires. What was it? T had already started collecting at the newest monitor well. Steam was coming off the sample. I pointed out how odd it was. He told me that the water was even hotter when he purged the well to collect the sample. The new samples were barely above body temperature. Still way too hot for groundwater. This one was the brand new well. Could it be a chemical reaction from the bentonite used to seal the well? But then all the OTHER wells had warm steamy groundwater too. What is the perfect niche for a thermogenic bacteria? Well, they need a truly ABUNDANT food supply, because they are going to spend a whole lot of energy to heat up their surroundings. Dead microbial biomass is the most nutritious energy-rich food out there. Go ahead and waste a lot of calories to generate heat. This will bake off the competition who can't take the heat. I had never seen them do that outside of a compost pile before. That was the ONLY sampling event when thermogenic bacteria made themselves evident while I was there to see it. |
RE: recap05-06-2023 09:03 | |
Im a BM★★★☆☆ (628) |
sealover wrote: |
RE: recap05-06-2023 09:05 | |
Im a BM★★★☆☆ (628) |
[quote]sealover wrote: Rice Paddies and Anabaena azollae Cyanobacteria. Humans have terraformed by constructing rice paddies, for thousands of years. These agroecosystems sustained productivity without anthropogenic inputs of agricultural chemicals, for thousands of years. A large, coordinated social network was required to maintain the system of dikes and canals. This made people work together under a central government. One reason these rice paddies work so well is due to the presence of azolla water ferns. The aquatic azolla fern lives in symbiosis with a nitrogen fixing bacteria, Anabaena azollae. This "blue green algae" is also photosynthetic, like the fern it lives with. Atmospheric nitrogen can be "fixed" by these cyanobacteria, into a form that eventually becomes bioavailable to the rice in the paddies. It costs a lot of energy to "fix" nitrogen. Legumes have to provide carbohydrate to the nitrogen fixing bacteria in the nodules on their roots to be able to do it. These water ferns and their bacterial partners make rice production possible without humans having to apply nitrogen fertilizer. Rice paddies take a lot of work to build. Perhaps the most impressive can be found on steep mountain slopes of Bali. Far more difficult to build than the rice paddies of Southeast Asian deltas, these are on steep hillsides. It would have been much easier to build them on lower land, irrigated with river water. But the groundwater on the slopes of these mountains in Bali is special. It is highly enriched in phosphorus. It was worth the effort to build the rice paddy infrastructure with such fertile water coming in. Because they also have the azolla fern with its cyanobacteria to supply nitrogen. |
05-06-2023 09:08 | |
Im a BM★★★☆☆ (628) |
[quote]sealover wrote: Wetlands are among the world's most productive ecosystems. High rates of photosynthesis sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide to become organic carbon in the live biomass. Waterlogged wetland soils create low oxygen conditions that prevent aerobic decomposition of organic carbon in dead biomass. Wetland soil organic matter has centuries long mean residence time, piling up year after year. Undisturbed wetlands act as a net sink for carbon, sequestering more of it from the atmosphere than they emit by respiration or decomposition. When wetlands are drained, stored organic carbon is exposed to oxygen and aerobic decomposition. Drained wetlands act as a net source for carbon, emitting more carbon dioxide to the atmosphere than they sequester from it. Indeed, they emit carbon dioxide to the atmosphere at a rate orders of magnitude higher than the rate at which they sequester it. |
05-06-2023 19:41 | |
Into the Night★★★★★ (21701) |
I guess sealover (and Im a BM) feels like talking to himself. Carbon isn't organic. You still haven't define 'carbon sequestering'. Carbon isn't carbon dioxide. No gas or vapor is capable of warming the Earth. You can't create energy out of nothing. |
RE: two very different approaches to carbon sequestration23-06-2023 11:23 | |
sealover★★★★☆ (1335) |
[quote]sealover wrote: Wetlands are among the world's most productive ecosystems. High rates of photosynthesis sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide to become organic carbon in the live biomass. Waterlogged wetland soils create low oxygen conditions that prevent aerobic decomposition of organic carbon in dead biomass. Wetland soil organic matter has centuries long mean residence time, piling up year after year. Undisturbed wetlands act as a net sink for carbon, sequestering more of it from the atmosphere than they emit by respiration or decomposition. When wetlands are drained, stored organic carbon is exposed to oxygen and aerobic decomposition. Drained wetlands act as a net source for carbon, emitting more carbon dioxide to the atmosphere than they sequester from it. Indeed, they emit carbon dioxide to the atmosphere at a rate orders of magnitude higher than the rate at which they sequester it. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Buried beneath wetlands is an enormous reservoir of organic carbon, accumulated over centuries. Another thread, "Maximizing carbon sequestration in terrestrial agroecosystems", is focused on aerobic soils, to which wetland dynamics do not apply. In a wetland, the waterlogged condition impedes the entry of oxygen into the soil, preventing aerobic decomposition (respiration). The chemistry of the vegetation is not what regulates carbon sequestration in wetlands. The other thread gets into the vegetation chemistry that DOES regulate carbon sequestration in aerobic soils, with very limited application to wetlands. Globally, the drainage of wetlands for agriculture, particularly the peatlands of southeast Asia, is a MAJOR source of additional carbon dioxide emission to the atmosphere. It rivals fossil fuel combustion and deforestation for the first place slot in anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions. |
23-06-2023 14:49 | |
IBdaMann★★★★★ (14477) |
sealover wrote:... particularly the peatlands of southeast Asia, is a MAJOR source of additional carbon dioxide emission to the atmosphere. What constitutes a MAJOR source of CO2? Are you claiming that CO2 from this source is somehow NOT readily and greedily consumed by other plantlife? sealover wrote: It rivals fossil fuel combustion What are you including in all this and what are you excluding? sealover wrote:and deforestation for the first place slot in anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions. How are peatlands "anthropogenic"? What does that word mean? |
RE: constructed wetland potential risk01-05-2024 19:57 | |
sealover★★★★☆ (1335) |
Better management of drained wetlands can dramatically reduce carbon dioxide emissions, decrease their export of sulfuric acid to surface waters, and increase their export of alkalinity in groundwater flows. Establishing new wetlands is easy, but there are some potential chemical pitfalls to be aware of - potential release of arsenic and potential generation of methyl mercury. The more widespread risk is for arsenic. It is abundant many soil parent materials where new wetlands might be established. The risk, however, is only if wells tap shallow groundwater for human consumption. Otherwise, its benign where it is. The more dangerous risk, with bitter lessons having already been learned, is that the newly constructed wetland becomes a source of methyl mercury to surface water and aquatic life, and on up the food chain. In relatively rare sites where human activity has caused iron-bound mercury to accumulate under aerobic conditions (downstream from mercury mines or gold mining activities), creating a new wetland carries great risk. Under aerobic conditions, most solid-phase arsenic that contacts soil solution and groundwater is ferric-iron-bound arsenate. It is stable and benign under aerobic conditions. However, if it becomes waterlogged and low oxygen conditions prevail, that arsenic can be unleashed into solution through reductive dissolution of the ferric iron it is bound to. Toxic levels of arsenic in groundwater can be generated. However, this water is generally too salty to use for agriculture or human consumption anyway. Mercury mines generate acidic discharge. Pyrite oxidation generates sulfuric acid and ferric iron. Cinnabar oxidation generates sulfuric acid dissolved mercury. Ferric iron is soluble at high concentration in the strongly acidic mine discharge. As soon as the acid mine discharge hits near neutral pH stream water, iron floc begins to form as ferric iron forms oxyhydroxide precipitates. Dissolved mercury is sequestered and bound into the iron floc, removing nearly all of it from the stream water. Mercury-bearing iron floc then accumulated downstream in aerobic soil conditions. When folks decide to "remediate" the old mercury mine sites, they discovered the hard way that installing a new wetland downstream is a very bad idea. When mercury-bearing iron oxyhydroxide floc in aerobic soil is flooded into a low oxygen condition, iron reducing bacteria use ferric iron as oxidant to get energy from oxidation of organic carbon. This dissolves the solid-phase ferric iron, releasing it as soluble ferrous iron. Reductive dissolution of the ferric iron also releases the mercury that was bound to it. Under such conditions, the only way that iron-reducing can access the ferric iron for use as oxidant is to come into close contact with mercury. Iron reducing bacteria methylate mercury. Where the old mercury mine waste deposits had been benign for a century and a half, they had now become a source of methyl mercury for the food chain. |
RE: first post of thread01-05-2024 19:58 | |
sealover★★★★☆ (1335) |
Wetlands are among the world's most productive ecosystems. High rates of photosynthesis sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide to become organic carbon in the live biomass. Waterlogged wetland soils create low oxygen conditions that prevent aerobic decomposition of organic carbon in dead biomass. Wetland soil organic matter has centuries long mean residence time, piling up year after year. Undisturbed wetlands act as a net sink for carbon, sequestering more of it from the atmosphere than they emit by respiration or decomposition. When wetlands are drained, stored organic carbon is exposed to oxygen and aerobic decomposition. Drained wetlands act as a net source for carbon, emitting more carbon dioxide to the atmosphere than they sequester from it. Indeed, they emit carbon dioxide to the atmosphere at a rate orders of magnitude higher than the rate at which they sequester it. |
02-05-2024 00:57 | |
Into the Night★★★★★ (21701) |
sealover wrote: Carbon is not organic. I will call this argument 2. You are now locked in paradox. You cannot describe low oxygen and high oxygen in the same place at the same time. Arguing both sides of a paradox is irrational. sealover wrote: Carbon is not carbon dioxide. sealover wrote: Carbon is not organic. Carbon does not decompose. sealover wrote: Carbon is not carbon dioxide. sealover wrote: Argument from randU fallacy. Making up numbers and using them as 'data' won't work. sealover wrote:[/b Carbon is not organic. Wetland plants are easily established in just a couple of years. I've seen it happen on some poorly planned construction projects. [b]sealover wrote: Argument from randU fallacy. sealover wrote: Fossils don't burn. They are not used as fuel. sealover wrote: What 'deforestation'? sealover wrote: Argument from randU fallacy. You are ignoring the 1st law of thermodynamics again. No gas or vapor has the capability to warm the Earth. The Parrot Killer Debunked in my sig. - tmiddles Google keeps track of paranoid talk and i'm not on their list. I've been evaluated and certified. - keepit nuclear powered ships do not require nuclear fuel. - Swan While it is true that fossils do not burn it is also true that fossil fuels burn very well - Swan |
RE: brief event of major change02-05-2024 02:03 | |
sealover★★★★☆ (1335) |
Annual Ammonification of Dead Microbial Biomass in drained wetlands. Acid neutralizing processes in wetlands include sulfate reduction and nitrate reduction. However, other nitrogen transformations can have a tremendous, although only very brief, impact on alkalinity and pH. Many places where wetlands have been drained have a pronounced annual wetting and drying cycle. During the dry season, microbial biomass in the upper topsoil dries out and dies off. When the rains come again, that dead biomass gets rewetted and a feeding frenzy begins. Dead microbial biomass has a C:N ratio of about 10:1. One atom of nitrogen for every ten atoms of carbon. Microorganisms only need a little of the nitrogen, but they want to burn up the organic carbon. First, they have to ammonify it. Amino groups have to be torn away from carbon, to get access to the energy rich material. Ammonium and very high pH are generated. The pH can go as high as 11, for a little while. In the presence of oxygen, some of that ammonium starts to get oxidized to nitric acid almost immediately. By the time that nitrate leaches down into the subsoil and groundwater, all the associated organic carbon has generated low oxygen conditions. Nitrate reduction down below generates alkalinity in the groundwater. But timing is everything. If the first rains of the season are not heavy, not enough water will pile up to drive any down into groundwater. Ammonification, etc., all occur above, without any of the products entering the subsoil. By the time the rains get heavy enough to drive it into groundwater, it is no longer such a high energy mix. When the first rains of the season are HEAVY, high loads of dissolved organic carbon induce reductive dissolution of ferric-iron-bound arsenic. Groundwater arsenic skyrockets, at least temporarily. When the first rains are LIGHT, low loads of dissolved organic carbon enter the groundwater, and arsenic concentrations remain lower. I like to compare it to deliberately setting a wildfire at a time of year when the fuel is moist enough to support only a low intensity burn. We can lightly irrigate the drained wetland field in ADVANCE of the first heavy rain, for a dissolved organic carbon "fuel" load that supports only a low intensity "burn" when it enters groundwater. Less arsenic, less manganese, cleaner groundwater. |
02-05-2024 05:54 | |
Into the Night★★★★★ (21701) |
sealover wrote: Buzzword fallacies. sealover wrote: You cannot reduce a sulfate. There is no such chemical. You cannot reduce a nitrate. There is no such chemical. sealover wrote: Argument from randU fallacy. sealover wrote: A wetland that has been drained is no longer a wetland. sealover wrote: Sharknado! sealover wrote: Nitrogen is not bio anything. Carbon is not bio anything. Buzzword fallacies. Argument from randU fallacies. sealover wrote: Carbon is not organic. sealover wrote: No such word. sealover wrote: Carbon has no amino groups. Carbon is an element. sealover wrote: Carbon is already a fuel. sealover wrote: No such chemical as 'ammonium'. sealover wrote: Argument from randU fallacy. sealover wrote: No such thing as 'ammonium'. It is not a chemical. Oxidizing ammonia produces ammonium nitrate. sealover wrote: Carbon is not organic. Carbon is not ammonia nor ammonium nitrate nor nitrogen. sealover wrote: You cannot reduce a nitrate. Nitrate is not a chemical. No such word as 'alkalinity'. sealover wrote: Cliche fallacy. sealover wrote: Carbon is not organic. Carbon is no arsenic. Carbon is not iron. All iron is ferric (hence the use of Fe on the periodic table). There is no such thing as 'ferric-iron-bound arsenic'. sealover wrote: Carbon is not organic. Carbon is not arsenic. sealover wrote: Wildfire is not a smoulder. sealover wrote: Carbon is not organic. Carbon is not arsenic. Carbon is not manganese. Carbon is not water. The Parrot Killer Debunked in my sig. - tmiddles Google keeps track of paranoid talk and i'm not on their list. I've been evaluated and certified. - keepit nuclear powered ships do not require nuclear fuel. - Swan While it is true that fossils do not burn it is also true that fossil fuels burn very well - Swan |
RE: I'm glad we got THAT straightened out!02-05-2024 06:26 | |
Im a BM★★★☆☆ (628) |
Into the Night wrote:/b] ======================= Well, I'm certainly glad we got THAT straightened out. "All iron is ferric (hence the use of Fe in the periodic table)." I keep learning things they never taught me at the university... Gosh, I thought maybe the atomic symbol was based on FERROUS iron, and that all iron must therefore be ferrous. And they got me all confused with buzzwords about ferrous iron, iron(II), or Fe(2+) being the chemically reduced form that gets oxidized to ferric iron, iron(III), or Fe(3+), the oxidized form. So, it turns out that ALL iron is ferric. Because iron has eight valence electrons, or something. Well, I'm certainly glad that we got THAT straightened out. |
02-05-2024 09:48 | |
Into the Night★★★★★ (21701) |
Im a BM wrote: Nope. You still haven't gotten it straightened out. Iron isn't oxygen. The Parrot Killer Debunked in my sig. - tmiddles Google keeps track of paranoid talk and i'm not on their list. I've been evaluated and certified. - keepit nuclear powered ships do not require nuclear fuel. - Swan While it is true that fossils do not burn it is also true that fossil fuels burn very well - Swan |
RE: "Iron isn't oxygen." DUH!02-05-2024 17:47 | |
sealover★★★★☆ (1335) |
Into the Night wrote:Im a BM wrote: ---------------- "Iron isn't oxygen." Iron is not a banana either. Because "All iron is ferric..." And bananas are not ferric. So you STILL don't grasp that iron can exist in more than one oxidation state, only ONE of which is called "ferric"? |
02-05-2024 18:10 | |
keepit★★★★★ (3081) |
im a bm, You just touched on a point. They often think that a single word has only one single meaning. I've run into it with other groups. |
02-05-2024 20:12 | |
Into the Night★★★★★ (21701) |
keepit wrote: He's not using it that way, moron. Pay attention. The Parrot Killer Debunked in my sig. - tmiddles Google keeps track of paranoid talk and i'm not on their list. I've been evaluated and certified. - keepit nuclear powered ships do not require nuclear fuel. - Swan While it is true that fossils do not burn it is also true that fossil fuels burn very well - Swan |
02-05-2024 20:41 | |
IBdaMann★★★★★ (14477) |
Into the Night wrote:No such chemical as 'ammonium'. It was a typo. He meant the chemical "ammunition" that provides the bulletrides as a catalyst to the sanguine leaching. |
02-05-2024 21:51 | |
Into the Night★★★★★ (21701) |
IBdaMann wrote:Into the Night wrote:No such chemical as 'ammonium'. The Parrot Killer Debunked in my sig. - tmiddles Google keeps track of paranoid talk and i'm not on their list. I've been evaluated and certified. - keepit nuclear powered ships do not require nuclear fuel. - Swan While it is true that fossils do not burn it is also true that fossil fuels burn very well - Swan |
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