What is Biogeochemistry?
| 10-04-2025 20:44 | |
Swan ★★★★★(6496) |
Into the Night wrote: Biogeochemistry is the study of how essential elements that support life—such as carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P)—move, or cycle, through different components of the ecosystem. IBdaMann claims that Gold is a molecule, and that the last ice age never happened because I was not there to see it. The only conclusion that can be drawn from this is that IBdaMann is clearly not using enough LSD. According to CDC/Government info, people who were vaccinated are now DYING at a higher rate than non-vaccinated people, which exposes the covid vaccines as the poison that they are, this is now fully confirmed by the terrorist CDC This place is quieter than the FBI commenting on the chink bank account information on Hunter Xiden's laptop I LOVE TRUMP BECAUSE HE PISSES OFF ALL THE PEOPLE THAT I CAN'T STAND. ULTRA MAGA "Being unwanted, unloved, uncared for, forgotten by everybody, I think that is a much greater hunger, a much greater poverty than the person who has nothing to eat." MOTHER THERESA OF CALCUTTA So why is helping to hide the murder of an American president patriotic?  Sonia makes me so proud to be a dumb white boy  Now be honest, was I correct or was I correct? LOL |
| 10-04-2025 21:36 | |
| Im a BM★★★★★ (2282) |
Swan wrote:Into the Night wrote: It has been my experience that Into the Night, with more than 23,000 posts, often makes the assertion that there is "no such thing..." as something that I'm pretty sure actually exists in reality. In defense of his position that "Water itself is a buffer for acid.", because "Dilution is buffering, moron." Into the Night negated the existence of pH buffering by carbonate ions or bicarbonate ions. "You cannot buffer against pH change upon addition of acid with something that doesn't even exist." "There is no such thing as 'alkalinity'." "Biogeochemistry" is a pretty stubborn term which refuses to go away just because you choose to pretend it doesn't even exist. Unless Swan and I are one, sharing the same delusion, in the same rabbit hole where Google and Merriam-Webster are all in on the disinformation conspiracy. |
| 11-04-2025 10:07 | |
Into the Night ★★★★★(23051) |
Swan wrote:Into the Night wrote: There is no such thing as 'biogeochemistry'. No such branch in science. The Parrot Killer Debunked in my sig. - tmiddles Google keeps track of paranoid talk and i'm not on their list. I've been evaluated and certified. - keepit nuclear powered ships do not require nuclear fuel. - Swan While it is true that fossils do not burn it is also true that fossil fuels burn very well - Swan |
| 11-04-2025 10:10 | |
| Into the Night★★★★★ (23051) |
Im a BM wrote: Buzzword fallacy. Go learn what 'reality' means and how it's defined. Im a BM wrote: Carbonate is not a chemical. Bicarbonate is not a chemical. [b]Im a BM wrote: "You cannot buffer against pH change upon addition of acid with something that doesn't even exist."[/b] "There is no such thing as 'alkalinity'." "Biogeochemistry" is a pretty stubborn term which refuses to go away just because you choose to pretend it doesn't even exist. No such branch in science. Buzzword fallacy. Im a BM wrote: False authority fallacy. Buzzword fallacies. The Parrot Killer Debunked in my sig. - tmiddles Google keeps track of paranoid talk and i'm not on their list. I've been evaluated and certified. - keepit nuclear powered ships do not require nuclear fuel. - Swan While it is true that fossils do not burn it is also true that fossil fuels burn very well - Swan |
| RE: The "Extended" Phenotype of Polyphenol-Rich Forest Trees14-04-2025 03:21 | |
| Im a BM★★★★★ (2282) |
The "Extended" Phenotype of Polyphenol-Rich Forest Trees ".. so why would this be of any significance except to support a theory of evolution..?" - IBdaMann I will address this in two parts. First, I will describe how it was directly relevant to the mission of the research into acidic deposition ("acid rain"), being funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF), at the expense of the US taxpayers. Following that, I will describe more reasons it is significant well beyond theoretical evolutionary biology with multiple applications in agronomy, forestry, and environmental remediation. The National Science Foundation was funding basic research into the biogeochemistry (yes, there IS "such a thing") of how acidic deposition was provoking aluminum toxicity and deficiency of calcium and magnesium. In addition to helping explain their adaptive value in evolution, it helped explain the damage that was being done to ecosystems by acidic deposition (aka "acid rain"). And it offered a recipe for mitigation of that damage. When dissolved aluminum ions, Al3+, are "free" in solution as inorganic salts (aluminum chloride, etc.), they can be taken up by roots and cause aluminum toxicity. Aluminum is of no nutritional value to plants and it can be toxic. When dissolved aluminum ions are present as organometallic complexes of phenol carboxylic acids (tannins, polyphenols), roots can exclude that aluminum from uptake and prevent aluminum toxicity. When calcium and magnesium ions, Ca2+ and Mg2+, are present in solution as salts of sulfate or nitrate, CaSO4, MgSO4, Ca(NO3)2, or Mg(NO3)2, they can easily be leached past the rooting zone and lost from the ecosystem, provoking deficiency of calcium and magnesium. The sulfate in sulfuric acid and the nitrate in nitric acid supply the sulfate and nitrate in "acid rain" that causes loss of calcium and magnesium from the soil. When the soil has CATION EXCHANGE CAPACITY (CEC), those calcium and magnesium ions can then adsorb to a soil surface and be held tight against leaching loss. Polyphenols provide the substrate to form the humic acids that provide most of the cation exchange capacity in most forest soils. Natural rain has pH about 5.6 from the carbonic acid that forms in equilibrium with the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. CO2 + H2O = H2CO3 This is CARBONIC acid, not "carbolic acid" as the trolls insist. "Acid rain" has pH closer to 4 or 3, because of the sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and nitric acid (HNO3) in the atmosphere as a result of human activity. The additional acidity of "acid rain", compared to the slight acidity of natural rain, causes anions of phenol carboxylic acids to protonate. Hydrogen ions, H+ are referred to as "protons", and "protonation" is when a hydrogen ion attaches. Deprotonated anions of phenol carboxylic acids are soluble and quite capable of forming strong complexes with any calcium or magnesium they encounter. These organometallic chelation complexes of calcium and magnesium readily attach to soil surfaces to prevent their leaching loss. With additional acid input, those phenol carboxylic anions become protonated, making them FAR LESS SOLUBLE. And far less capable of forming organometallic complexes with calcium and magnesium. This was more than something of passing interest to evolutionary biologists. The impact of "acid rain" was to prevent the polyphenols produced by the plants from ameliorating aluminum toxicity and preventing leaching loss of calcium and magnesium in forests growing on inherently acidic soils. PART TWO As mentioned, among the items on the list compiled as I burned the midnight oil to justify more NSF funding for the research were carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycling. "Acid rain" wasn't harming the nitrogen or phosphorus nutrition of the forests, nor was the carbon cycle of great immediate interest to solving the puzzle of aluminum toxicity, and deficiency of calcium and magnesium. It would not serve as justification for NSF "acid rain" research money to elaborate on the role of polyphenols in carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycling. However, ecologists, agronomists and foresters have taken keen interest in these applications of the knowledge acquired from the research that came of it. After completing a master's at Berkeley, I was able to continue polyphenol research in a doctoral program at Davis. No longer constrained to "acid rain" related funding, I was able to go a long way with the other applications. Particularly in regard to nitrogen cycling. Rather than repeat that here, you can easily find it in the "Maximizing Carbon Sequestration in Terrestrial Agroecosystems" thread. |
| RE: Taxpayer funded scientific research17-04-2025 20:38 | |
| sealover★★★★☆ (1794) |
Taxpayer funded scientific research In January, 1988, I was helping write the new grant proposal. We wanted to justify to the National Science Foundation why they should provide additional funding for the NSF-funded acidic deposition ("acid rain") research project in progress. The Trump Administration probably isn't going to go for many of these "grants." My master's thesis research was specifically about how acidic deposition influenced the solubility and behavior of phenol carboxylic anions in forest floor leachate. What was your justification for an organization providing a grant for this research? They provide cation exchange capacity (CEC). They ameliorate aluminum toxicity. They facilitate retention of nutrient cations such as calcium and magnesium. They maintain nitrogen in a form that cannot be lost from the ecosystem. They prevent phosphorus fixation and release "fixed" phosphorus in soil. Then it hit me. LIKE A BOLT OF LIGHTENING! All of these were feedbacks that benefitted the plants that produced them. ... so why would this be of any significance except to support a theory of evolution, which would be a little late to the ball game, yes? A lot of other scientists have agreed with me that it is a whole lot more significant than that. The National Science Foundation uses US federal taxes to support scientific research. At least they USED TO! Elon Musk and his chainsaw may have already eviscerated it. At the beginning of my career and at the end of my career, my scientific research was funded by US federal taxes. In the middle of my career, there was private sector consulting and college science teaching as the source of funding for my scientific research. Toward the end of my career, it was back to the feds to get research funding. In the recession of 2008, Obama helped me get federal funding with extended unemployment benefits. This financed the first round of my scientific research into paleobiogeochemistry, anoxygenic photosynthesis, and banded iron formations. Disabled and retired, the feds continue to sponsor my scientifc research. Each month I get a federal social security payment. And that's all the federal funding I need to continue my scientific research. |
| 18-04-2025 01:18 | |
| Swan★★★★★ (6496) |
Into the Night wrote:Swan wrote:Into the Night wrote: Chapter Biogeochemical Models Introduction The field of biogeochemistry deals with the effect of biological organisms on the chemistry of the Earth. Since there are numerous living organisms, all of which affect the chemistry of their environment in multiple ways, biogeochemistry is a large subject area covering many processes. One process that receives a lot of attention is the emission of CO2 by humans and the associated global increase in atmospheric CO2. However, biogeochemistry also deals with the effect of other organisms on the global carbon cycle, like the conversion of CO2 to organic carbon by marine phytoplankton. Biogeochemical processes can also be of subglobal scale, like the respiration of O2 by bacteria at the bottom of a lake. Biogeochemistry encompasses all types of chemicals. Nitrification, the conversion of ammonia to nitrate, by bacteria in soils is a biogeochemical process. So is the reduction of sulfate to sulfide by bacteria in groundwater. Also, the chemistry of minor elements is included, like the methylation of mercury by bacteria in sediments. Further, although the field of biogeochemistry traditionally focuses on naturally occurring elements and compounds, it also includes the effect of organisms on the chemistry of manmade chemicals, like the biodegradation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by bacteria. Biogeochemical models are abstract and simplified representations of biogeochemical processes. This includes qualitative models in the form of narratives or diagrams that describe how a process works and convey mechanistic information. It also includes quantitative models in the form of mathematical equations that predict chemical concentrations and fluxes. Quantitative biogeochemical models are used as research tools to test hypotheses, and as management tools to evaluate 'what if' scenarios (e.g., nutrient load reduction to prevent eutrophication of lakes). In application, biogeochemical models are typically smaller components of larger models that describe the biogeochemical cycling of elements at various scales ranging from a small volume of soil to the globe. As such, biogeochemical models have to be compatible with other models, including physical models that describe the transport of chemicals in the environment (advection, diffusion, and dispersion) and ecological models that describe population dynamics. The purpose of this article is to present an overview of biogeochemical modeling. A thorough review of this subject would necessitate covering the effect of every biological organism on the chemistry of all affected compounds, which is beyond the scope of this article. Therefore, this article focuses on how the transformation of chemicals by organisms is modeled in general, with applicable references to actual processes. Microorganisms constitute the bulk of the biomass and they have a higher turnover rate than organisms at higher trophic levels. They are therefore generally considered to be the main drivers of biogeochemistry and this article will focus on them. Also, consistent with the scope of this encyclopedia, the article focuses on naturally occurring substances, rather than manmade ones (e.g., PC. Often, the effect of organisms on chemistry is indirect (e.g., via the redox potential), but that is, strictly speaking, a chemical problem, and this article therefore focuses on the direct effect of organisms on the chemistry. First, basic modeling approaches are reviewed, including conceptual and descriptive models, mechanistic chemistry- and biology-type models, and empirical models. Then the integration of ecology and biogeochemistry models is discussed, including their role, methods of integrating them, examples of integrated aquatic and terrestrial models, and the past, present, and future of those models. Following that, is a description of one of the grand challenges of biogeochemical modeling, the scaling problem. Then, the transformation of arsenic by phytoplankton is presented as a case study. IBdaMann claims that Gold is a molecule, and that the last ice age never happened because I was not there to see it. The only conclusion that can be drawn from this is that IBdaMann is clearly not using enough LSD. According to CDC/Government info, people who were vaccinated are now DYING at a higher rate than non-vaccinated people, which exposes the covid vaccines as the poison that they are, this is now fully confirmed by the terrorist CDC This place is quieter than the FBI commenting on the chink bank account information on Hunter Xiden's laptop I LOVE TRUMP BECAUSE HE PISSES OFF ALL THE PEOPLE THAT I CAN'T STAND. ULTRA MAGA "Being unwanted, unloved, uncared for, forgotten by everybody, I think that is a much greater hunger, a much greater poverty than the person who has nothing to eat." MOTHER THERESA OF CALCUTTA So why is helping to hide the murder of an American president patriotic? Sonia makes me so proud to be a dumb white boy Now be honest, was I correct or was I correct? LOL |
| RE: Taxpayer funded scientific research18-04-2025 23:34 | |
| sealover★★★★☆ (1794) |
Taxpayer funded scientific research In January, 1988, I was helping write the new grant proposal. We wanted to justify to the National Science Foundation why they should provide additional funding for the NSF-funded acidic deposition ("acid rain") research project in progress. The Trump Administration probably isn't going to go for many of these "grants." My master's thesis research was specifically about how acidic deposition influenced the solubility and behavior of phenol carboxylic anions in forest floor leachate. What was your justification for an organization providing a grant for this research? They provide cation exchange capacity (CEC). They ameliorate aluminum toxicity. They facilitate retention of nutrient cations such as calcium and magnesium. They maintain nitrogen in a form that cannot be lost from the ecosystem. They prevent phosphorus fixation and release "fixed" phosphorus in soil. Then it hit me. LIKE A BOLT OF LIGHTENING! All of these were feedbacks that benefitted the plants that produced them. ... so why would this be of any significance except to support a theory of evolution, which would be a little late to the ball game, yes? A lot of other scientists have agreed with me that it is a whole lot more significant than that. The National Science Foundation uses US federal taxes to support scientific research. At least they USED TO! Elon Musk and his chainsaw may have already eviscerated it. At the beginning of my career and at the end of my career, my scientific research was funded by US federal taxes. In the middle of my career, there was private sector consulting and college science teaching as the source of funding for my scientific research. Toward the end of my career, it was back to the feds to get research funding. In the recession of 2008, Obama helped me get federal funding with extended unemployment benefits. This financed the first round of my scientific research into paleobiogeochemistry, anoxygenic photosynthesis, and banded iron formations. Disabled and retired, the feds continue to sponsor my scientifc research. Each month I get a federal social security payment. And that's all the federal funding I need to continue my scientific research. |
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