Maximizing Carbon Sequestration in Wetlands
| 08-05-2024 23:01 | |
| sealover★★★★☆ (1769) |
Deliberate Massive Erosion in Dark Ages Italy. During the "Dark Ages", after the fall of the Roman Empire, people deliberately caused massive erosion in some of the hilly regions of Italy. They would build a small dam at the outlet of a small valley. They would cut down all the trees on the hillsides upstream. Let the fuel get nice and dry, then torch it. The next big rainfall event would fill the small valley with nutrient rich sediment. The valley became HIGHLY PRODUCTIVE cropland. What could possibly be wrong with this picture? As Europe emerged from the Dark Ages, they didn't even need to pass any laws for environmental regulation to stop the large scale slash and burn operations. Deliberate Massive Erosion in Dark Ages Italy. People figured out it was bad |
| 08-05-2024 23:02 | |
| sealover★★★★☆ (1769) |
Rice Paddies and Anabaena azollae Cyanobacteria. Humans have terraformed by constructing rice paddies, for thousands of years. These agroecosystems sustained productivity without anthropogenic inputs of agricultural chemicals, for thousands of years. A large, coordinated social network was required to maintain the system of dikes and canals. This made people work together under a central government. One reason these rice paddies work so well is due to the presence of azolla water ferns. The aquatic azolla fern lives in symbiosis with a nitrogen fixing bacteria, Anabaena azollae. This "blue green algae" is also photosynthetic, like the fern it lives with. Atmospheric nitrogen can be "fixed" by these cyanobacteria, into a form that eventually becomes bioavailable to the rice in the paddies. It costs a lot of energy to "fix" nitrogen. Legumes have to provide carbohydrate to the nitrogen fixing bacteria in the nodules on their roots to be able to do it. These water ferns and their bacterial partners make rice production possible without humans having to apply nitrogen fertilizer. Rice paddies take a lot of work to build. Perhaps the most impressive can be found on steep mountain slopes of Bali. Far more difficult to build than the rice paddies of Southeast Asian deltas, these are on steep hillsides. It would have been much easier to build them on lower land, irrigated with river water. But the groundwater on the slopes of these mountains in Bali is special. It is highly enriched in phosphorus. It was worth the effort to build the rice paddy infrastructure with such fertile water coming in. Because they also have the azolla fern with its cyanobacteria to supply nitrogen. |
| 08-05-2024 23:05 | |
| sealover★★★★☆ (1769) |
All the most relevant posts of this thread are compiled, beginning 3/4 way down on page 3. Wetlands are among the world's most productive ecosystems. High rates of photosynthesis sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide to become organic carbon in the live biomass. Waterlogged wetland soils create low oxygen conditions that prevent aerobic decomposition of organic carbon in dead biomass. Wetland soil organic matter has centuries long mean residence time, piling up year after year. Undisturbed wetlands act as a net sink for carbon, sequestering more of it from the atmosphere than they emit by respiration or decomposition. When wetlands are drained, stored organic carbon is exposed to oxygen and aerobic decomposition. Drained wetlands act as a net source for carbon, emitting more carbon dioxide to the atmosphere than they sequester from it. Indeed, they emit carbon dioxide to the atmosphere at a rate orders of magnitude higher than the rate at which they sequester it. |
| 09-05-2024 08:18 | |
Into the Night ★★★★★(22643) |
sealover wrote:Stop spamming. Carbon isn't organic. Draining a wetland means it's not a wetland. Carbon is not carbon dioxide. The Parrot Killer Debunked in my sig. - tmiddles Google keeps track of paranoid talk and i'm not on their list. I've been evaluated and certified. - keepit nuclear powered ships do not require nuclear fuel. - Swan While it is true that fossils do not burn it is also true that fossil fuels burn very well - Swan |
| 09-05-2024 19:05 | |
| sealover★★★★☆ (1769) |
All the most relevant posts of this thread are compiled, beginning 3/4 way down on page 3, and continuing on to page 4. Wetlands are among the world's most productive ecosystems. High rates of photosynthesis sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide to become organic carbon in the live biomass. Waterlogged wetland soils create low oxygen conditions that prevent aerobic decomposition of organic carbon in dead biomass. Wetland soil organic matter has centuries long mean residence time, piling up year after year. Undisturbed wetlands act as a net sink for carbon, sequestering more of it from the atmosphere than they emit by respiration or decomposition. When wetlands are drained, stored organic carbon is exposed to oxygen and aerobic decomposition. Drained wetlands act as a net source for carbon, emitting more carbon dioxide to the atmosphere than they sequester from it. Indeed, they emit carbon dioxide to the atmosphere at a rate orders of magnitude higher than the rate at which they sequester it. |
| 10-05-2024 00:10 | |
| Into the Night★★★★★ (22643) |
sealover wrote: Repetition fallacy (spamming). Stop spamming. The Parrot Killer Debunked in my sig. - tmiddles Google keeps track of paranoid talk and i'm not on their list. I've been evaluated and certified. - keepit nuclear powered ships do not require nuclear fuel. - Swan While it is true that fossils do not burn it is also true that fossil fuels burn very well - Swan |
| 11-05-2024 04:53 | |
| sealover★★★★☆ (1769) |
All the most relevant posts of this thread are compiled, beginning 3/4 way down on page 3, and continuing on to page 4. Wetlands are among the world's most productive ecosystems. High rates of photosynthesis sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide to become organic carbon in the live biomass. Waterlogged wetland soils create low oxygen conditions that prevent aerobic decomposition of organic carbon in dead biomass. Wetland soil organic matter has centuries long mean residence time, piling up year after year. Undisturbed wetlands act as a net sink for carbon, sequestering more of it from the atmosphere than they emit by respiration or decomposition. When wetlands are drained, stored organic carbon is exposed to oxygen and aerobic decomposition. Drained wetlands act as a net source for carbon, emitting more carbon dioxide to the atmosphere than they sequester from it. Indeed, they emit carbon dioxide to the atmosphere at a rate orders of magnitude higher than the rate at which they sequester it. "sealover" is a PhD biogeochemist who has published widely cited research about carbon cycling, and performed extensive biogeochemistry investigations in wetlands of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. |
| 11-05-2024 06:51 | |
IBdaMann ★★★★★(14886) |
sealover wrote: Wetlands are among the world's most productive ecosystems. Aren't farms the most productive? sealover wrote: High rates of photosynthesis sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide to become organic carbon in the live biomass. On farms, high rates of photosynthesis sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide to become crops that people buy. |
| 11-05-2024 08:00 | |
| sealover★★★★☆ (1769) |
All the most relevant posts of this thread are compiled, beginning 3/4 way down on page 3, and continuing on to page 4. Wetlands are among the world's most productive ecosystems. Net Primary Production (NPP) is a measure of how much carbon dioxide is transformed to organic carbon via photosynthesis, per unit area, per unit time. Wetlands rank up there with tropical rainforests and coral reefs for the highest NPP, perhaps outranked only by seagrass beds. Wetlands NPP is far higher than that of croplands. High rates of photosynthesis in wetlands sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide to become organic carbon in the live biomass. Waterlogged wetland soils create low oxygen conditions that prevent aerobic decomposition of organic carbon in dead biomass. Wetland soil organic matter has centuries long mean residence time, piling up year after year. Undisturbed wetlands act as a net sink for carbon, sequestering more of it from the atmosphere than they emit by respiration or decomposition. When wetlands are drained, stored organic carbon is exposed to oxygen and aerobic decomposition. Drained wetlands act as a net source for carbon, emitting more carbon dioxide to the atmosphere than they sequester from it. Indeed, they emit carbon dioxide to the atmosphere at a rate orders of magnitude higher than the rate at which they sequester it. "sealover" is a PhD biogeochemist who has published widely cited research about carbon cycling, and performed extensive biogeochemistry investigations in wetlands of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. |
| 11-05-2024 18:49 | |
| Into the Night★★★★★ (22643) |
sealover wrote: Stop spamming. The Parrot Killer Debunked in my sig. - tmiddles Google keeps track of paranoid talk and i'm not on their list. I've been evaluated and certified. - keepit nuclear powered ships do not require nuclear fuel. - Swan While it is true that fossils do not burn it is also true that fossil fuels burn very well - Swan |
| 13-05-2024 19:55 | |
| sealover★★★★☆ (1769) |
All the most relevant posts of this thread are compiled, beginning 3/4 way down on page 3, and continuing on to page 4. Wetlands are among the world's most productive ecosystems. Net Primary Production (NPP) is a measure of how much carbon dioxide is transformed to organic carbon via photosynthesis, per unit area, per unit time. Wetlands rank up there with tropical rainforests and coral reefs for the highest NPP, perhaps outranked only by seagrass beds. Wetlands NPP is far higher than that of croplands. High rates of photosynthesis in wetlands sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide to become organic carbon in the live biomass. Waterlogged wetland soils create low oxygen conditions that prevent aerobic decomposition of organic carbon in dead biomass. Wetland soil organic matter has centuries long mean residence time, piling up year after year. Undisturbed wetlands act as a net sink for carbon, sequestering more of it from the atmosphere than they emit by respiration or decomposition. When wetlands are drained, stored organic carbon is exposed to oxygen and aerobic decomposition. Drained wetlands act as a net source for carbon, emitting more carbon dioxide to the atmosphere than they sequester from it. Indeed, they emit carbon dioxide to the atmosphere at a rate orders of magnitude higher than the rate at which they sequester it. "sealover" is a PhD biogeochemist who has published widely cited research about carbon cycling, and performed extensive biogeochemistry investigations in wetlands of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. |
| 13-05-2024 21:35 | |
| Into the Night★★★★★ (22643) |
Carbon isn't organic. Stop spamming. |
| 18-05-2024 11:44 | |
| sealover★★★★☆ (1769) |
All the most relevant posts of this thread are compiled, beginning 3/4 way down on page 3, and continuing on to page 4. Wetlands are among the world's most productive ecosystems. Net Primary Production (NPP) is a measure of how much carbon dioxide is transformed to organic carbon via photosynthesis, per unit area, per unit time. Wetlands rank up there with tropical rainforests and coral reefs for the highest NPP, perhaps outranked only by seagrass beds. Wetlands NPP is far higher than that of croplands. High rates of photosynthesis in wetlands sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide to become organic carbon in the live biomass. Waterlogged wetland soils create low oxygen conditions that prevent aerobic decomposition of organic carbon in dead biomass. Wetland soil organic matter has centuries long mean residence time, piling up year after year. Undisturbed wetlands act as a net sink for carbon, sequestering more of it from the atmosphere than they emit by respiration or decomposition. When wetlands are drained, stored organic carbon is exposed to oxygen and aerobic decomposition. Drained wetlands act as a net source for carbon, emitting more carbon dioxide to the atmosphere than they sequester from it. Indeed, they emit carbon dioxide to the atmosphere at a rate orders of magnitude higher than the rate at which they sequester it. "sealover" is a PhD biogeochemist who has published widely cited research about carbon cycling, and performed extensive biogeochemistry investigations in wetlands of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta.[/quote] Relevant posts of thread are compiled, beginning 3/4 way down page 3 |
| 18-05-2024 23:59 | |
| Into the Night★★★★★ (22643) |
Carbon isn't organic. Stop spamming. |
| 24-05-2024 19:49 | |
| sealover★★★★☆ (1769) |
All the most relevant posts of this thread are compiled, beginning 3/4 way down on page 3, and continuing on to page 4. Wetlands are among the world's most productive ecosystems. Net Primary Production (NPP) is a measure of how much carbon dioxide is transformed to organic carbon via photosynthesis, per unit area, per unit time. Wetlands rank up there with tropical rainforests and coral reefs for the highest NPP, perhaps outranked only by seagrass beds. Wetlands NPP is far higher than that of croplands. High rates of photosynthesis in wetlands sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide to become organic carbon in the live biomass. Waterlogged wetland soils create low oxygen conditions that prevent aerobic decomposition of organic carbon in dead biomass. Wetland soil organic matter has centuries long mean residence time, piling up year after year. Undisturbed wetlands act as a net sink for carbon, sequestering more of it from the atmosphere than they emit by respiration or decomposition. When wetlands are drained, stored organic carbon is exposed to oxygen and aerobic decomposition. Drained wetlands act as a net source for carbon, emitting more carbon dioxide to the atmosphere than they sequester from it. Indeed, they emit carbon dioxide to the atmosphere at a rate orders of magnitude higher than the rate at which they sequester it. "sealover" is a PhD biogeochemist who has published widely cited research about carbon cycling, and performed extensive biogeochemistry investigations in wetlands of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta.[/quote] Relevant posts of thread are compiled, beginning 3/4 way down page 3 SEE 5 OTHER THREADS ABOUT BIOGEOCHEMISTRY AND GLOBAL CHANGE |
| 24-05-2024 22:40 | |
| Into the Night★★★★★ (22643) |
Carbon isn't organic. Carbon isn't carbon dioxide. Drained wetlands are not wetlands. Stop spamming. |
| 24-11-2024 21:28 | |
| sealover★★★★☆ (1769) |
Better management of drained wetlands can dramatically reduce carbon dioxide emissions, decrease their export of sulfuric acid to surface waters, and increase their export of alkalinity in groundwater flows. Establishing new wetlands is easy, but there are some potential chemical pitfalls to be aware of - potential release of arsenic and potential generation of methyl mercury. The more widespread risk is for arsenic. It is abundant many soil parent materials where new wetlands might be established. The risk, however, is only if wells tap shallow groundwater for human consumption. Otherwise, its benign where it is. The more dangerous risk, with bitter lessons having already been learned, is that the newly constructed wetland becomes a source of methyl mercury to surface water and aquatic life, and on up the food chain. In relatively rare sites where human activity has caused iron-bound mercury to accumulate under aerobic conditions (downstream from mercury mines or gold mining activities), creating a new wetland carries great risk. Under aerobic conditions, most solid-phase arsenic that contacts soil solution and groundwater is ferric-iron-bound arsenate. It is stable and benign under aerobic conditions. However, if it becomes waterlogged and low oxygen conditions prevail, that arsenic can be unleashed into solution through reductive dissolution of the ferric iron it is bound to. Toxic levels of arsenic in groundwater can be generated. However, this water is generally too salty to use for agriculture or human consumption anyway. Mercury mines generate acidic discharge. Pyrite oxidation generates sulfuric acid and ferric iron. Cinnabar oxidation generates sulfuric acid dissolved mercury. Ferric iron is soluble at high concentration in the strongly acidic mine discharge. As soon as the acid mine discharge hits near neutral pH stream water, iron floc begins to form as ferric iron forms oxyhydroxide precipitates. Dissolved mercury is sequestered and bound into the iron floc, removing nearly all of it from the stream water. Mercury-bearing iron floc then accumulated downstream in aerobic soil conditions. When folks decide to "remediate" the old mercury mine sites, they discovered the hard way that installing a new wetland downstream is a very bad idea. When mercury-bearing iron oxyhydroxide floc in aerobic soil is flooded into a low oxygen condition, iron reducing bacteria use ferric iron as oxidant to get energy from oxidation of organic carbon. This dissolves the solid-phase ferric iron, releasing it as soluble ferrous iron. Reductive dissolution of the ferric iron also releases the mercury that was bound to it. Under such conditions, the only way that iron-reducing can access the ferric iron for use as oxidant is to come into close contact with mercury. Iron reducing bacteria methylate mercury. Where the old mercury mine waste deposits had been benign for a century and a half, they had now become a source of methyl mercury for the food chain. The most relevant posts of this thread are compiled, beginning 3/4 way down page 3 |
| 25-11-2024 04:20 | |
| sealover★★★★☆ (1769) |
Better management of drained wetlands can dramatically reduce carbon dioxide emissions, decrease their export of sulfuric acid to surface waters, and increase their export of alkalinity in groundwater flows. The waterlogged conditions of wetlands impede entry of oxygen into the soil, creating low oxygen conditions where it is difficult for organic matter to decompose. Instead, new organic matter accumulates, year after year, sequestering significant carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Conversely, massive amounts of carbon dioxide are released when wetlands are drained, allowing oxygen to enter into the soil. Total CO2 emissions to the atmosphere from drained peatlands of Southeast Asia rival total CO2 emissions from automobile engines. Establishing new wetlands is easy, but there are some potential chemical pitfalls to be aware of - potential release of arsenic and potential generation of methyl mercury. The more widespread risk is for arsenic. It is abundant many soil parent materials where new wetlands might be established. The risk, however, is only if wells tap shallow groundwater for human consumption. Otherwise, its benign where it is. The more dangerous risk, with bitter lessons having already been learned, is that the newly constructed wetland becomes a source of methyl mercury to surface water and aquatic life, and on up the food chain. In relatively rare sites where human activity has caused iron-bound mercury to accumulate under aerobic conditions (downstream from mercury mines or gold mining activities), creating a new wetland carries great risk. Under aerobic conditions, most solid-phase arsenic that contacts soil solution and groundwater is ferric-iron-bound arsenate. It is stable and benign under aerobic conditions. However, if it becomes waterlogged and low oxygen conditions prevail, that arsenic can be unleashed into solution through reductive dissolution of the ferric iron it is bound to. Toxic levels of arsenic in groundwater can be generated. However, this water is generally too salty to use for agriculture or human consumption anyway. Mercury mines generate acidic discharge. Pyrite oxidation generates sulfuric acid and ferric iron. Cinnabar oxidation generates sulfuric acid dissolved mercury. Ferric iron is soluble at high concentration in the strongly acidic mine discharge. As soon as the acid mine discharge hits near neutral pH stream water, iron floc begins to form as ferric iron forms oxyhydroxide precipitates. Dissolved mercury is sequestered and bound into the iron floc, removing nearly all of it from the stream water. Mercury-bearing iron floc then accumulated downstream in aerobic soil conditions. When folks decide to "remediate" the old mercury mine sites, they discovered the hard way that installing a new wetland downstream is a very bad idea. When mercury-bearing iron oxyhydroxide floc in aerobic soil is flooded into a low oxygen condition, iron reducing bacteria use ferric iron as oxidant to get energy from oxidation of organic carbon. This dissolves the solid-phase ferric iron, releasing it as soluble ferrous iron. Reductive dissolution of the ferric iron also releases the mercury that was bound to it. Under such conditions, the only way that iron-reducing can access the ferric iron for use as oxidant is to come into close contact with mercury. Iron reducing bacteria methylate mercury. Where the old mercury mine waste deposits had been benign for a century and a half, they had now become a source of methyl mercury for the food chain. The most relevant posts of this thread are compiled, beginning 3/4 way down page 3 |
| 25-11-2024 22:40 | |
| Into the Night★★★★★ (22643) |
sealover wrote: Why are you afraid of carbon dioxide?? Sulfuric acid is not carbon dioxide. Alkalinity is not a substance. You are no chemist. Stop spamming. The Parrot Killer Debunked in my sig. - tmiddles Google keeps track of paranoid talk and i'm not on their list. I've been evaluated and certified. - keepit nuclear powered ships do not require nuclear fuel. - Swan While it is true that fossils do not burn it is also true that fossil fuels burn very well - Swan |
| 25-11-2024 22:41 | |
| Into the Night★★★★★ (22643) |
sealover wrote: Why are you afraid of carbon dioxide? Carbon is not carbon dioxide. Carbon is not organic. The Parrot Killer Debunked in my sig. - tmiddles Google keeps track of paranoid talk and i'm not on their list. I've been evaluated and certified. - keepit nuclear powered ships do not require nuclear fuel. - Swan While it is true that fossils do not burn it is also true that fossil fuels burn very well - Swan |
| 27-11-2024 01:32 | |
| Im a BM★★★★☆ (1311) |
<--- Click on "sealover" (to the left of the arrow) It will open the "sealover" profile page. The "Last 10 posts:" shows ten biogeochemistry-related threads. Any of them can be opened with a click. ----------------------------------------- Better management of drained wetlands can dramatically reduce carbon dioxide emissions, decrease their export of sulfuric acid to surface waters, and increase their export of alkalinity in groundwater flows. The waterlogged conditions of wetlands impede entry of oxygen into the soil, creating low oxygen conditions where it is difficult for organic matter to decompose. Instead, new organic matter accumulates, year after year, sequestering significant carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Conversely, massive amounts of carbon dioxide are released when wetlands are drained, allowing oxygen to enter into the soil. Total CO2 emissions to the atmosphere from drained peatlands of Southeast Asia rival total CO2 emissions from automobile engines. Establishing new wetlands is easy, but there are some potential chemical pitfalls to be aware of - potential release of arsenic and potential generation of methyl mercury. The more widespread risk is for arsenic. It is abundant many soil parent materials where new wetlands might be established. The risk, however, is only if wells tap shallow groundwater for human consumption. Otherwise, its benign where it is. The more dangerous risk, with bitter lessons having already been learned, is that the newly constructed wetland becomes a source of methyl mercury to surface water and aquatic life, and on up the food chain. In relatively rare sites where human activity has caused iron-bound mercury to accumulate under aerobic conditions (downstream from mercury mines or gold mining activities), creating a new wetland carries great risk. Under aerobic conditions, most solid-phase arsenic that contacts soil solution and groundwater is ferric-iron-bound arsenate. It is stable and benign under aerobic conditions. However, if it becomes waterlogged and low oxygen conditions prevail, that arsenic can be unleashed into solution through reductive dissolution of the ferric iron it is bound to. Toxic levels of arsenic in groundwater can be generated. However, this water is generally too salty to use for agriculture or human consumption anyway. Mercury mines generate acidic discharge. Pyrite oxidation generates sulfuric acid and ferric iron. Cinnabar oxidation generates sulfuric acid dissolved mercury. Ferric iron is soluble at high concentration in the strongly acidic mine discharge. As soon as the acid mine discharge hits near neutral pH stream water, iron floc begins to form as ferric iron forms oxyhydroxide precipitates. Dissolved mercury is sequestered and bound into the iron floc, removing nearly all of it from the stream water. Mercury-bearing iron floc then accumulated downstream in aerobic soil conditions. When folks decide to "remediate" the old mercury mine sites, they discovered the hard way that installing a new wetland downstream is a very bad idea. When mercury-bearing iron oxyhydroxide floc in aerobic soil is flooded into a low oxygen condition, iron reducing bacteria use ferric iron as oxidant to get energy from oxidation of organic carbon. This dissolves the solid-phase ferric iron, releasing it as soluble ferrous iron. Reductive dissolution of the ferric iron also releases the mercury that was bound to it. Under such conditions, the only way that iron-reducing can access the ferric iron for use as oxidant is to come into close contact with mercury. Iron reducing bacteria methylate mercury. Where the old mercury mine waste deposits had been benign for a century and a half, they had now become a source of methyl mercury for the food chain. The most relevant posts of this thread are compiled, beginning 3/4 way down page 3 |
| 27-11-2024 03:57 | |
| Into the Night★★★★★ (22643) |
Im a BM wrote: Stop spamming. The Parrot Killer Debunked in my sig. - tmiddles Google keeps track of paranoid talk and i'm not on their list. I've been evaluated and certified. - keepit nuclear powered ships do not require nuclear fuel. - Swan While it is true that fossils do not burn it is also true that fossil fuels burn very well - Swan |
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