Maximizing Carbon Sequestration in Terrestrial Agroecosystems

Climate-Debate.com > Discussion Forum > Climate debate in general > Maximizing Carbon Sequestration in Terrestrial Agroecosystems > Page 23

Page 23 of 36

03-05-2024 06:03
sealover ★★★★★ (2171)	My first publication that is directly relevant to this thread was in 1990. I hadn't yet finished a master's degree at UC Berkeley. John G. McColl et. al. 1990. Organics and metal solubility in California forest soils. P. 178-195. IN Gessel, SP, et al. (eds). Sustained Productivity of Forest Soils. Proc. 7th N. American Forest Soils Conference. In this case, I was merely "allowed" to be on the list of authors. Note that the term "organics" is in the title. The paper does not bother to give a definition for this commonly used term. Scientists don't do that. The book title "Sustained Productivity of Forest Soils" suggests why a rational adult might agree that it is a subject worthy of pursuit. It is very gratifying to see all the research that followed, which has enabled farmers to improve soil fertility and foresters to improve productivity. This particular paper included the NSF-funded research into how acid rain impacted forest soils. In particular, the low pH of acid rain reduced the solubility of phenol carboxylic acids leaching from the forest floor. Because the protonation of these organic acids by acid rain reduced the availability of soluble organic anions, it reduced the amount of iron, aluminum, and manganese leaching from the upper mineral soil. Instead, calcium and magnesium were being mobilized as sulfates or nitrates, which then leached out of the soil. Without acid rain, calcium and magnesium were retained against leaching by the soil's cation exchange capacity (CEC). Sooner or later, someone who is genuinely interested in this thread topic might take interest.
03-05-2024 06:04
sealover ★★★★★ (2171)	Sooner or later, someone who is actually interested in the thread topic will join in. This paper includes my soil research in a tropical rain forest. (yours truly et al). 1999. Effect of plant polyphenols on nutrient cycling and implications for community structure. p. 369-380. In Inderjit (ed) Principles and Practices in Chemical Ecology. Allelochemical Interactions. CRC Press. This one is highly relevant to carbon sequestration. Monospecific thickets of tannin-rich ferns move into disturbed rain forest sites after pioneer species have already moved in. They snuff out the competition ("Allelochemical Interactions") and then impede forest succession for decades. They sequester tons of carbon into a surface organic layer more than a meter thick. Under warm, wet, well drained conditions that ought to favor rapid decomposition. There are many different kinds of soil that can be found under tropical rain forests. Most are not so fertile. Some are extremely infertile. Some are highly fertile. It basically depends on soil age and parent material, since tropical rain forests all occur under basically the same climate regime. Understanding of the biogeochemical mechanisms that enable plant communities to survive and thrive on the most infertile soils has enabled agronomists and foresters to improve fertility and productivity across a broad range of soil types. Going to dig up some references to how this has already benefitted farmers and foresters, even though most of the papers make no reference to climate change. Plus, it's kind of fun because the easiest way to find them is to look up who has cited my research and how they have applied it.[/quote]
03-05-2024 06:06
sealover ★★★★★ (2171)	This paper came out 12 years ago in the highly prestigious journal SCIENCE. Of course, it cites the author of this thread for relevant work regarding lignin in decomposing plant litter. DC Eastwood, et al. 2011. The plant cell wall-decomposing machinery underlies the functional diversity of forest fungi. Science. Volume 333 issue 6043 pp 762-765. The carbohydrates cellulose and hemicellulose are found along with the phenolic polymer lignin as structural components in the cell walls of plants. The chemical differences between carbohydrates and phenolics require entirely different "machinery" in forest soil fungi to degrade them. The carbohydrates (cellulose and hemicellulose) can be degraded by "brown rot" fungi as a source of metabolic energy. Free living fungi (not in symbiosis with plant roots) can make a living from carbohydrate respiration. The phenolic polymer (lignin) is much more difficult to degrade. "White rot" fungi can do this, but they don't get metabolic energy from lignin respiration. They need an outside energy source (a symbiotic plant or a carbohydrate meal elsewhere) in order to tear apart the lignin. This makes the nitrogen tied up in ligno-protein complexes available for uptake.
03-05-2024 06:09
sealover ★★★★★ (2171)	This widely cited paper from 1999 came out not long after the 1995 paper of mine that it cites. K. Kumar and KM Goh. 1999. Crop residues and management practices: effects on soil quality, nitrogen dynamics, crop yield, and nitrogen recovery. Advances in Agronomy. Volume 68 pages 197-319 This paper is a good background resource for someone genuinely interested in the topic of this thread.[/quote]
03-05-2024 06:10
sealover ★★★★★ (2171)	This 2016 paper, which cites yours truly, is HIGHLY RELEVANT to the thread topic. Wim W. van der Putten, et al. 2016. Where, when, and how plant-soil feedback matters in a changing world. Functional Ecology. Volume 30 pages 1109-1121. On the one hand, there is the basic research need to better understand plant-soil feedback to elucidate the natural world. On the other hand, there are global changes that are altering the conditions under which plant-soil feedbacks occur. Whether or not you believe in climate change of any kind, there is great practical value for better understanding of plant-soil feedbacks. In agriculture and forestry, for example. Especially, given the reality of climate change, there is great practical value for understanding the underlying biogeochemical mechanisms of plant-soil feedbacks. For example, agricultural practices will need to add greater amounts of organic matter to the soil than they did in the past, because the rate of soil organic matter loss due to respiration is greater now, with higher temperatures.
03-05-2024 06:11
sealover ★★★★★ (2171)	This 2006 paper rather extensively cites yours truly in an excellent review article. GV Subbarao, et al. 2006. Scope and strategies for regulation of nitrification in agricultural systems: Challenges and opportunities. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences. Volume 25 Pages 303-305. This isn't about carbon sequestration at all. It is about how to minimize adverse impacts of nitrification in agricultural systems. Nitrification is the oxidation of ammonium to nitrate in a two step process by two different kinds of bacteria. It results in soil acidification as ammonium oxidizes to nitric acid. It results in nitrate becoming available to contaminate ground water or surface water. And it generates nitrous oxide, a VERY powerful greenhouse gas, as a by product. This paper offers excellent information on this important topic.
03-05-2024 06:13
sealover ★★★★★ (2171)	This 2020 paper cites my related work. It is a review of research into the mechanisms involved in soil carbon storage. I Basile-Doelsch et al. 2020. Reviews and synthesis: The mechanisms underlying carbon storage in soil. Biogeosciences. Volume 17 5223-5242. Highly relevant to this thread topic.
03-05-2024 06:16
sealover ★★★★★ (2171)	This new paper came out seven days ago. Y.A. Chung et al. 2023. Mechanistic approach to investigate soil microbe-mediated plant competition. Journal of Ecology (I'll get complete citation later) This is a review article covering multiple investigations into ways to elucidate the "black box" of soil microorganisms in investigations of nutrient cycling or plant ecology. It proposes "..extending resource ratio theory to plant-microbe interactions." Resource ratio theory is focused on how plant compete for resources such as sunlight or soil nitrogen. My own research was cited in this new paper because it included plant mycorrhizal interactions as a mechanism for monopolizing the nitrogen supply, with significant implications for plant competition and community structure. I highlight the fact that this very recent paper cited my published research in the hope that sooner or later this will be seen by someone who cares. Hopefully, this distinguishes me from someone whose only goal is to be a troll.]
03-05-2024 06:18
sealover ★★★★★ (2171)	] My first publication that is directly relevant to this thread was in 1990. I hadn't yet finished a master's degree at UC Berkeley. John G. McColl et. al. 1990. Organics and metal solubility in California forest soils. P. 178-195. IN Gessel, SP, et al. (eds). Sustained Productivity of Forest Soils. Proc. 7th N. American Forest Soils Conference. In this case, I was merely "allowed" to be on the list of authors. Note that the term "organics" is in the title. The paper does not bother to give a definition for this commonly used term. Scientists don't do that. The book title "Sustained Productivity of Forest Soils" suggests why a rational adult might agree that it is a subject worthy of pursuit. It is very gratifying to see all the research that followed, which has enabled farmers to improve soil fertility and foresters to improve productivity. This particular paper included the NSF-funded research into how acid rain impacted forest soils. In particular, the low pH of acid rain reduced the solubility of phenol carboxylic acids leaching from the forest floor. Because the protonation of these organic acids by acid rain reduced the availability of soluble organic anions, it reduced the amount of iron, aluminum, and manganese leaching from the upper mineral soil. Instead, calcium and magnesium were being mobilized as sulfates or nitrates, which then leached out of the soil. Without acid rain, calcium and magnesium were retained against leaching by the soil's cation exchange capacity (CEC).
03-05-2024 06:20
sealover ★★★★★ (2171)	A new paper came out, and I've only seen the abstract so far. I won't know exactly why they cited my research until I read the whole thing. But it is highly relevant to this thread topic. Frouz, J, and K. Jandova. 2023. Soluble phenols in litter are reduced during passage through the soil macrofauna gut due to formation of insoluble complexes with proteins: A case study with isopods and Diptera larvae. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. Volume 187. Pages (?-?). It's about making sense of what regulates the gain or loss of soil organic matter. Macrofauna detritivores (e.g. earthworms, isopods, diptera) accelerate the decomposition of soil organic matter. According to the abstract, the polyphenols in the decomposing litter form insoluble complexes with proteins in the detritivore gut. This is why ecologists used to call polyphenols (tannins) "digestibility reducing agents". They also reduce emission of methane from cow guts. There is a chance that this will be seen by someone who is actually interested in having a rational discussion about the science related to climate change. They might be pleased to see that in addition to trolls insulting everybody, there is a PhD scientist willing to discuss complex issues regarding carbon cycling, etc. A PhD scientist whose published work gets cited in the newest literature. Never cuts and pastes material without even understanding what it says. Never cuts and pastes anything. Not even the citation for this new paper
03-05-2024 06:23
sealover ★★★★★ (2171)	[] A couple of more papers came out that cite the research of yours truly. M. Stanek et al. 2023. Effect of simulated litterfall and sapling growth of invasive Quercus rubra and native Q. robur on soil in a pot experiment. Forest Ecology and Management. Volume 551 pages (?-?) and L. Zhang et al. 2023. Tannin complexation with metal ions and its implication on human health, environment, and industry: An overview. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. Volume 253, part 7 pages (?-?) The first paper reminds me of some of the first forestry research ever published, a century and a half ago. The Germans were the pioneers in this field of science. Some of what the new paper describes the invasive oak species doing is in line with what the old German foresters called "soil degraders". The second paper is from a journal I never heard of before. There are literally tens of thousands of different peer-reviewed scientific journals. Quality varies significantly. What I like about this one is that the title says "Tannin complexation with metals..." Tannins, also known as polyphenols, are phenol carboxylic acids capable of forming strong complexes with metals. Someone who never studied chemistry might imagine that "metal complexing organic acid" is some kind of fake buzzword. Metal complexation by organic acids is of major significance in biogeochemistry.
03-05-2024 06:23
sealover ★★★★★ (2171)	A couple of new papers came out that cite my biogeochemistry research. Romanko, CA, et. al. 2023. Soil greenhouse gas flux and nitrogen mineralization following manure application from tannin-fed dairy cows. Journal of Environmental Quality. Tannins, also known as polyphenols, play a very significant role in regulating carbon and nitrogen cycling. This is why biogeochemistry research about tannins is of such great interest to climate scientists, with potential for many practical applications. It has been known now for decades that cattle burp out less methane when their diet includes tannins. This paper is about research into what happens to the manure later, and whether or not tannins continue to influence greenhouse gas emissions. In this study, manure from tannin-fed dairy cows had slower rates of nitrogen mineralization. This reduces greenhouse gas emissions AND reduces nitrogen loss from the soil. Dong, S, et al. 2023. Effect of NaNO3, NH4CL and urea on the fate and transformation of various typical microplastics in porous media. Environmental Pollution. Volume 341 Pages (?-?) I'll have to read it more carefully to figure out why they cited me. It does raise another important environmental topic not related to climate change. We have synthesized a LOT of different kinds of plastic. Some degrade relatively harmlessly, if not incredibly slowly. Others generate highly toxic degradation products. Particularly those with halogens (chlorine, fluorine, bromine, etc.) and/or benzene rings in their structure. Biogeochemistry is a REAL field of science. It is highly relevant to folks who want to actually understand global environmental change, and how to potentially mitigate adverse impacts.
03-05-2024 06:26
sealover ★★★★★ (2171)	newest paper on thread topic. Came out 10 days ago. B. Adamczyk. 2024. Tannins and climate change: Are tannins able to stabilize carbon in the soil? Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00703 Of course, this new paper cites the author of this thread. Available for discussion with PhD biogeochemist who is a recognized authority on how tannins (aka polyphenols) influence carbon cycling.
03-05-2024 06:29
sealover ★★★★★ (2171)	B. Adamczyk. 2024. Tannins and climate change: Are tannins able to stabilize carbon in the soil? Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00703 The author and I are quite familiar with each other's research. It was 35 years ago when I first became fully immersed in tannin (also known as polyphenol) research as a grad student at UC Berkeley. At that time, anti herbivore defense was presumed to be the sole adaptive value for plants to make tannins, despite little evidence that they are effective. Convoluted theories were created to explain why plant communities on highly infertile, acidic soils produced so much more tannin than plants on better soil, as somehow consistent with anti herbivore defense. At that time, nobody considered how tannin production could benefit the plants that produce them through their impact on carbon and nitrogen cycling. Tannins slow the decomposition of plant or soil organic matter they come into contact with. Tannins themselves are the substrate from which most soil humic acids are formed, having centuries long mean residence time in soil. It is highly gratifying to see this finally reach the point where the application to address climate change is being so explicitly identified in the title of a new paper. The following is not the abstract from the new paper. It is the first post of this thread. ------------------------------------------------------------------------- sealover wrote: Nutrient cycling dynamics of natural ecosystems can be mimicked in cropping systems to maximize carbon sequestration into soil organic matter, and minimize emissions of nitrous oxide. Tannin (aka polyphenol) chemical ecology provides insights into biogeochemical mechanisms that regulate carbon and nitrogen cycling. The convergent evolution of tannin-rich plant communities has occurred on highly-infertile soils throughout the world. To acquire and conserve nitrogen, these plants allocate much of their organic carbon below ground to support symbiotic mycorrhizal fungi associated with their roots. Tannins in plant litter form recalcitrant complexes with protein, immobilizing this organic form of nitrogen and preventing mineralization. Mycorrhizal fungi produce enzymes that mobilize nitrogen from protein-tannin complexes, which is transferred directly to the root in organic nitrogen form. This short circuiting of the mineralization step in the nitrogen cycle prevents emission of nitrous oxide to the atmosphere, and prevents export of nitrate to groundwater or surface water. Allocation of photosynthate below ground to support mycorrhizal fungi also enhances sequestration of carbon into soil organic matter. Tannins inhibit the oxidation of ammonium in soil to nitrate by nitrifying bacteria. This minimizes nitrous oxide emission as a by product of microbial nitrate reduction. Nitrogen release from tannin-rich litter is predominantly in the form of dissolved organic nitrogen rather than ammonium or nitrate. Dissolved organic nitrogen adsorbs to soil organic matter, minimizing leaching loss of nitrogen and retaining it in slow release form. Tannins inhibit the decomposition of organic matter to substantially increase its mean residence in or above the soil. In the most extreme cases, equatorial rainforests form massive litter layers over acid white sand soils that are virtually devoid of nutrients or roots. One- or two-meters thick layers of litter in various stages of decomposition can accumulate above the mineral soil surface. This is despite warm, wet, well drained conditions that favor rapid decomposition. Exceptionally high tannin content in the vegetation of these forests enables them to create an enduring layer of organic matter above the soil surface, where virtually all the root growth and nutrient cycling occurs with high efficiency, and negligible losses. Tannins themselves are the dominant substrate that transforms into soil humic acids. Humic acids enhance soil fertility in many ways, and their mean residence time in soil can be many centuries long. Tannins can comprise more than half the dry weight in foliage of tannin-rich species, and much of this represents sequestered carbon that will remain for a long time as stable soil organic matter. We may not want to create thick litter layers above the topsoil in all our croplands. But polyphenol biogeochemistry can still be applied to increase carbon sequestration and decrease nitrous oxide emission. For example, tannin-rich organic matter can be combined with more rapidly decomposable crop residues or manure to slow decomposition and immobilize nitrogen into slowly mineralized organic form, as compost. Crop-mycorrhizal associations could be facilitated to sequester carbon and access recalcitrant soil nitrogen. [/quote][/quote][/quote]
03-05-2024 06:30
sealover ★★★★★ (2171)	B. Adamczyk. 2024. Tannins and climate change: Are tannins able to stabilize carbon in the soil? Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00703 Until now, the only papers listed in this thread were authored by the thread author, or cited the thread author in 2023 or 2024. For now, it will continue with papers that cite the thread author earlier in 2023 or previous years. This paper, also by Dr. Adamczyk is from 2019. B. Adamczyk et al. 2019. Interactions between tannins and fungal necromass stabilizes fungal residues in boreal forest soils. New Phytologist. Volume 223, pages 16-21. This paper clarifies one of the many mechanisms through which tannins (aka polyphenols) stabilize carbon in soil. Fungal biomass is a major component of organic carbon input to soils. Tannins from plants interact with organic carbon compounds in dead fungal biomass (necromass) to slow decomposition and increase mean residence time of that organic carbon. Tannins are polydentate ligands, among other things, with multiple binding sites to attach to other organic carbon compounds. The tannin-carbohydrate complex or tannin-protein complex has its reactive sites occluded from enzymatic attack. This paper does NOT present anything about why this is beneficial to the plants that produce the tannins, but only how it brings about stabilization of carbon in the soil. Had they done so, they would have gotten into how this enables the plant to monopolize the nitrogen supply, among other benefits. Nitrogen tied up in protein tannin complexes is inaccessible to most soil organisms. Tannin rich species are virtually always associated with mycorrhizal fungi that are among the very few organisms capable of releasing nitrogen from protein tannin complexes. In a more fertile soil where bioavailable nitrogen is more abundant, plants don't need to put tannins in the soil to ensure access to this limiting nutrient. In the most extreme cases of tannin-rich vegetation, the benefits go beyond merely monopolizing the nitrogen supply. For example, equatorial rainforests on acid white sand soil employ tannins to actually build their own soil above the mineral soil. No plant could survive on such soil otherwise, as it is nothing but acidified quartz sand which is devoid of nutrients or nutrient retention capacity. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) for example, is what prevents nutrient cations such as calcium or magnesium from leaching out of the soil. Even in a highly fertile soil where the clay minerals provide CEC, typically about half of the total CEC arises from organic carbon compounds rather than clay minerals. On acid white sands, 100% of the CEC arises from organic carbon, which accumulates to high amounts as a direct result of plant tannins.
03-05-2024 06:31
sealover ★★★★★ (2171)	Trying to stay on topic, this paper came out a little more than a month ago. K. Rains, C. Bledsoe, T. Kraus, and N. Wurzburger. 2024. Evidence that ericoid mycorrhizal shrubs can outcompete ectomycorrhizal trees for nitrogen in tannin-rich litter. Ecosphere volume 15 (still need page numbers). They didn't just cite, I used to work in the same lab with a few of them. I'm delighted that they published this. It is very difficult for soil organisms to get any nitrogen from protein tannin complexes. It requires extracellular enzymes produced at great energetic expense. The few organisms that can do this must be supplied with organic carbon from another organism. They are called mycorrhizal fungi, and they live in association with plant roots. This paper gets into the issue of competition between different kinds of mycorrhizal associations. Ericoid mycorrhiza are associated with ericaceous shrubs (heathlands). Ectomycorrhizal fungi are associated with many kinds of trees, including most conifer forests. Part of what they researched was whether or not they can access nitrogen from their competitor's litter. Multiple enzymes are involved with either fungal type. Ericoid mycorrhizal fungi turn out to be better at it than ectomycorrhizal fungi. But the competitive advantage is limited to the most nitrogen limited ecosystems. From the first sentence of the abstract: "Mycorrhizal associations of trees play a key role in ecosystem biogeochemistry.." Somebody forgot to explain to them that "biogeochemistry" is a meaningless buzzword.
03-05-2024 06:32
sealover ★★★★★ (2171)	This paper came out about 4 months ago. X. Zhao, et al. 2024. Fine roots and extramatrical mycelia regulate the composition of soil organic carbon and nitrogen in a subtropical montane forest. Forest Ecology and Management Volume 554 (Feb. 15, 2024) Cites the thread author, of course. Notice that the title says "organic carbon and nitrogen". Organic carbon and organic nitrogen. If only they had the benefit of our "resident science experts", they would have known that "organic carbon" and "organic nitrogen" are just meaningless buzzwords. Sooner or later, someone who knows that these terms are real, possibly even knows what they mean... That person might have a valid question to ask, or valid knowledge to contribute. And if they don't get too disgusted by all the troll feces, who knows?
03-05-2024 06:41
Into the Night★★★★★ (24532)	sealover wrote: Carbon Sequestration and Allelopathy in Rainforest Fern Thickets. Carbon isn't organic. You are still stuck in your paradoxes. Spamming and repetitious chanting doesn't change that, Sock. The Parrot Killer Debunked in my sig. - tmiddles Google keeps track of paranoid talk and i'm not on their list. I've been evaluated and certified. - keepit nuclear powered ships do not require nuclear fuel. - Swan While it is true that fossils do not burn it is also true that fossil fuels burn very well - Swan
03-05-2024 06:44
Into the Night★★★★★ (24532)	sealover wrote: Synchronized Canopy Dieback in Manganese-rich Island Arc Rainforests. Forests aren't manganese. You are still stuck in your paradoxes. Spamming and repetitious chanting doesn't change that, Sock. The Parrot Killer Debunked in my sig. - tmiddles Google keeps track of paranoid talk and i'm not on their list. I've been evaluated and certified. - keepit nuclear powered ships do not require nuclear fuel. - Swan While it is true that fossils do not burn it is also true that fossil fuels burn very well - Swan
03-05-2024 06:45
Into the Night★★★★★ (24532)	sealover wrote: Oxidative Coupling of Phenol Carboxylic Acids. Humus and Humic Acid Formation. Making up stories about yourself won't work. You are still stuck in your paradoxes. Spamming and repetitious chanting doesn't change that, Sock. The Parrot Killer Debunked in my sig. - tmiddles Google keeps track of paranoid talk and i'm not on their list. I've been evaluated and certified. - keepit nuclear powered ships do not require nuclear fuel. - Swan While it is true that fossils do not burn it is also true that fossil fuels burn very well - Swan
03-05-2024 06:46
Into the Night★★★★★ (24532)	sealover wrote: Phenotypic Plasticity and Soil Carbon Loss in "Green Revolution" Crop Breeds. Carbon isn't organic. You are still stuck in your paradoxes. Spamming and repetitious chanting doesn't change that, Sock. The Parrot Killer Debunked in my sig. - tmiddles Google keeps track of paranoid talk and i'm not on their list. I've been evaluated and certified. - keepit nuclear powered ships do not require nuclear fuel. - Swan While it is true that fossils do not burn it is also true that fossil fuels burn very well - Swan
03-05-2024 06:48
Into the Night★★★★★ (24532)	sealover wrote: Nitrous Oxide Emission, Nitrate Export to Waters. "Green Revolution" By Products. Nitrous oxide has about 200 times as much global warming potential as CO2. No gas or vapor has any capability to warm the Earth, Sock. You cannot create energy out of nothing. You are still ignoring the 1st law of thermodynamics. The Parrot Killer Debunked in my sig. - tmiddles Google keeps track of paranoid talk and i'm not on their list. I've been evaluated and certified. - keepit nuclear powered ships do not require nuclear fuel. - Swan While it is true that fossils do not burn it is also true that fossil fuels burn very well - Swan
RE: beginning page 22, about 1/3 way down page03-05-2024 07:36
sealover ★★★★★ (2171)	Into the Night wrote: sealover wrote: Carbon Sequestration and Allelopathy in Rainforest Fern Thickets. Carbon isn't organic. You are still stuck in your paradoxes. Spamming and repetitious chanting doesn't change that, Sock. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- All the most relevant posts of this thread are compiled, beginning slightly more than one third way down page 22. "Carbon Sequestration and Allelopathy in Rainforest Fern Thickets" (see above) This is the topic of the first post of the compiled sequence. All the posts with citations for relevant papers follow the series of topic posts, beginning toward the bottom of page 22. The comment that "Carbon isn't organic" reveals little insight into the post's actual content. However, it is convenient that the commentator shows the topics of the first posts of the compilation that begins on page 22, in the five posts above this one. The five parrots on the left as you scroll up mark each topic title, to give a sense of what some of the posts beginning on page 22 are about. Scrolling above the five parrots, it is the end of the sequence of posts with references for papers on the thread topics that began of page 22.
03-05-2024 15:15
IBdaMann★★★★★ (15419)	sealover wrote:And it generates nitrous oxide, a VERY powerful greenhouse gas, as a by product. You leave completely undefined this magical superpower that you assign to nitrous oxide, which broadcasts: * Your Global Warming faith * Your disdain for science * Your own shame at your own religion, requiring you to avoid even discussing it. You are ashamed of your own beliefs. Pathetic.
03-05-2024 16:06
James_ ★★★★★ (2270)	Into the Night wrote: sealover wrote: Nitrous Oxide Emission, Nitrate Export to Waters. "Green Revolution" By Products. Nitrous oxide has about 200 times as much global warming potential as CO2. No gas or vapor has any capability to warm the Earth, Sock. You cannot create energy out of nothing. You are still ignoring the 1st law of thermodynamics. It's always possible that heat is friction. Of course a microwave flipping a time crystal is an example of heat as well. While heat is a flow of energy, what's actually flowing? Can you define it using unambiguous definitions and terms? p.s., Mantra 43d.
03-05-2024 19:09
IBdaMann★★★★★ (15419)	James_ wrote: It's always possible that heat is friction. Nope. That is not possible. Heat is a measure of power. The coefficient of friction is a percentage value applied to the contact force. James_ wrote: Of course a microwave flipping a time crystal is an example of heat as well. Nope. There are no time crystals. James_ wrote: While heat is a flow of [thermal] energy, what's actually flowing? Thermal energy. James_ wrote: Can you define it using unambiguous definitions and terms? Sure. Thermal energy is the energy that gives matter temperature. Matter converts its thermal energy to, and radiates, electromagnetic energy per the Stefan-Boltzmann law and Wein's law. Don't be afraid to come to me with the hard stuff.
RE: PLEASE stay on topic03-05-2024 19:16
Im a BM ★★★★★ (4054)	James_ wrote: Into the Night wrote: sealover wrote: Nitrous Oxide Emission, Nitrate Export to Waters. "Green Revolution" By Products. Nitrous oxide has about 200 times as much global warming potential as CO2. No gas or vapor has any capability to warm the Earth, Sock. You cannot create energy out of nothing. You are still ignoring the 1st law of thermodynamics. It's always possible that heat is friction. Of course a microwave flipping a time crystal is an example of heat as well. While heat is a flow of energy, what's actually flowing? Can you define it using unambiguous definitions and terms? p.s., Mantra 43d. -------------------------------- PLEASE stay on topic. There are many threads already intended for discussion of physics of heat, thermodynamics, etc. This is not one of them. Start a new thread if you really need to. Or just continue with one of the many, many other threads that were specifically intended for discussion of physics, thermodynamics, etc. This thread is about biogeochemistry. I can't imagine why it would be of any interest to someone seeking discussion of atmospheric physics. Unless you are just looking for a fight and want to insult someone.
03-05-2024 19:16
Into the Night★★★★★ (24532)	sealover wrote: All the most relevant posts of this thread are compiled, beginning slightly more than one third way down page 22. The comment that "Carbon isn't organic" reveals little insight into the post's actual content. Spamming is not a proof, Sock. Carbon isn't organic. The Parrot Killer Debunked in my sig. - tmiddles Google keeps track of paranoid talk and i'm not on their list. I've been evaluated and certified. - keepit nuclear powered ships do not require nuclear fuel. - Swan While it is true that fossils do not burn it is also true that fossil fuels burn very well - Swan
03-05-2024 19:20
Into the Night★★★★★ (24532)	Im a BM wrote: PLEASE stay on topic. [quote]Im a BM wrote: There are many threads already intended for discussion of physics of heat, thermodynamics, etc. You never have discussed heat or thermodynamics or even physics or chemistry at all. Im a BM wrote: This thread is about biogeochemistry. No such word. The Parrot Killer Debunked in my sig. - tmiddles Google keeps track of paranoid talk and i'm not on their list. I've been evaluated and certified. - keepit nuclear powered ships do not require nuclear fuel. - Swan While it is true that fossils do not burn it is also true that fossil fuels burn very well - Swan
04-05-2024 04:39
keepit ★★★★★ (3328)	itn, Not that i know much about biogeochemistry but google says it is a "relatively new scientific discipline". Don't be a dinosaur now. It's a big world with many fields of study, both old and new.
04-05-2024 07:34
Into the Night★★★★★ (24532)	keepit wrote: itn, Not that i know much about biogeochemistry but google says it is a "relatively new scientific discipline". No such word. Science is not a buzzword. keepit wrote: Don't be a dinosaur now. It's a big world with many fields of study, both old and new. Cliche fallacy. The Parrot Killer Debunked in my sig. - tmiddles Google keeps track of paranoid talk and i'm not on their list. I've been evaluated and certified. - keepit nuclear powered ships do not require nuclear fuel. - Swan While it is true that fossils do not burn it is also true that fossil fuels burn very well - Swan
06-05-2024 23:01
sealover ★★★★★ (2171)	sealover wrote: Into the Night wrote: [quote]sealover wrote: Carbon Sequestration and Allelopathy in Rainforest Fern Thickets. Carbon isn't organic. You are still stuck in your paradoxes. Spamming and repetitious chanting doesn't change that, Sock. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- All the most relevant posts of this thread are compiled, beginning slightly more than one third way down page 22. "Carbon Sequestration and Allelopathy in Rainforest Fern Thickets" (see above) This is the topic of the first post of the compiled sequence. All the posts with citations for relevant papers follow the series of topic posts, beginning toward the bottom of page 22. The comment that "Carbon isn't organic" reveals little insight into the post's actual content. However, it is convenient that the commentator shows the topics of the first posts of the compilation that begins on page 22, in a sequence of five posts, beginning several posts above this one. The five parrots on the left as you scroll up mark each topic title, to give a sense of what some of the posts beginning on page 22 are about. Scrolling above the five parrots, it is the end of the sequence of posts with references for papers on the thread topics that began of page 22.
RE: relevant paper for thread topic06-05-2024 23:14
sealover ★★★★★ (2171)	See the post above this one for a quick guide to all the most relevant posts on this thread. They can all be found, beginning slightly more than 1/3 down page 22, The first topic is "Carbon Sequestration and Allelopathy in Rainforest Fern Thickets" THIS somewhat new paper is highly relevant to the thread topic. Like every other peer-reviewed scientific paper listed on this thread, it either cites the thread author, or it was published by the thread author himself. Elisabeth Ward, et al. 2023. Depth-dependent effects of ericoid mycorrhizal shrubs on soil carbon and nitrogen pools are accentuated under arbuscular mycorrhizal trees. Global Change Biology Volume 29, Issue 20, Pages 5924-5940. I'll be happy to discuss why this paper is significant. But not until a new member joins the discussion, or a old member comes back to the discussion, who has genuine interest in the thread topic.
07-05-2024 19:56
Into the Night★★★★★ (24532)	sealover wrote: All the most relevant posts of this thread are compiled, beginning slightly more than one third way down page 22. I'm not repeating your spam. There is no justification for your spam. sealover wrote: The comment that "Carbon isn't organic" reveals little insight into the post's actual content. No, you are just ignoring chemistry again. Carbon isn't organic. The Parrot Killer Debunked in my sig. - tmiddles Google keeps track of paranoid talk and i'm not on their list. I've been evaluated and certified. - keepit nuclear powered ships do not require nuclear fuel. - Swan While it is true that fossils do not burn it is also true that fossil fuels burn very well - Swan
07-05-2024 19:58
Into the Night★★★★★ (24532)	sealover wrote: ...removed spam... I'll be happy to discuss why this paper is significant. It isn't. sealover wrote: But not until a new member joins the discussion, or a old member comes back to the discussion, who has genuine interest in the thread topic. The topic itself is just buzzwords. The Parrot Killer Debunked in my sig. - tmiddles Google keeps track of paranoid talk and i'm not on their list. I've been evaluated and certified. - keepit nuclear powered ships do not require nuclear fuel. - Swan While it is true that fossils do not burn it is also true that fossil fuels burn very well - Swan
RE: How would YOU know?08-05-2024 04:37
Im a BM ★★★★★ (4054)	Into the Night wrote: sealover wrote: ...removed spam... I'll be happy to discuss why this paper is significant. It isn't. sealover wrote: But not until a new member joins the discussion, or a old member comes back to the discussion, who has genuine interest in the thread topic. The topic itself is just buzzwords. "It isn't." A stand-alone, unsupported assertion. No argument. Meaningless as "evidence". Omniscience fallacy. "The topic itself is just buzzwords." Calling it "buzzwords" suggests that you have no idea what the terms mean. And how would YOU know ANYTHING about "the topic itself"? Why should anyone believe YOU?
08-05-2024 07:20
IBdaMann★★★★★ (15419)	Im a BM wrote: Why should anyone believe YOU? It's humorous how you don't ask "Why should anyone accept science?"
RE: new paper "Microclimate Modulation.."08-05-2024 07:36
sealover ★★★★★ (2171)	This paper came out about ten weeks ago. It cites the author of this thread. Remy Beugnon, et al. 2024. Microclimate modulation: An overlooked mechanism influencing the impact of plant diversity on ecosystem functioning. Global Change Biology Volume 30 Issue 3 (18 March 2024) This peer-reviewed scientific paper would be of particular interest to those who are curious about how plants affect climate on a microsite scale. All the most relevant posts of this thread are compiled, beginning slightly more than 1/3 way down page 22. A series of topics begins with "Carbon Sequestration and Allelopathy in Rainforest Fern Thickets", about 1/3 down page 22. A series of peer-reviewed scientific papers related to this thread begins a little more than 3/4 way down page 22, and continues until a little more than 1/2 down page 23. Every paper listed either cites the author of this thread, or was published by the author himself.
08-05-2024 08:51
Into the Night★★★★★ (24532)	Im a BM wrote: Into the Night wrote: [quote]sealover wrote: ...removed spam... I'll be happy to discuss why this paper is significant. It isn't. sealover wrote: But not until a new member joins the discussion, or a old member comes back to the discussion, who has genuine interest in the thread topic. The topic itself is just buzzwords. Im a BM wrote: "It isn't." A stand-alone, unsupported assertion. Nope. A response to your post. Im a BM wrote: No argument. Meaningless as "evidence". Omniscience fallacy. Mockery. That won't work, Sock. Im a BM wrote: "The topic itself is just buzzwords." Calling it "buzzwords" suggests that you have no idea what the terms mean. The terms are meaningless. Im a BM wrote: And how would YOU know ANYTHING about "the topic itself"? There is no topic. The terms are meaningless. Im a BM wrote: Why should anyone believe YOU? RQAA. The Parrot Killer Debunked in my sig. - tmiddles Google keeps track of paranoid talk and i'm not on their list. I've been evaluated and certified. - keepit nuclear powered ships do not require nuclear fuel. - Swan While it is true that fossils do not burn it is also true that fossil fuels burn very well - Swan
08-05-2024 08:52
Into the Night★★★★★ (24532)	sealover wrote: This paper came out about ten weeks ago. It cites the author of this thread. Remy Beugnon, et al. 2024. Microclimate modulation: An overlooked mechanism influencing the impact of plant diversity on ecosystem functioning. Global Change Biology Volume 30 Issue 3 (18 March 2024) This peer-reviewed scientific paper would be of particular interest to those who are curious about how plants affect climate on a microsite scale. All the most relevant posts of this thread are compiled, beginning slightly more than 1/3 way down page 22. A series of topics begins with "Carbon Sequestration and Allelopathy in Rainforest Fern Thickets", about 1/3 down page 22. A series of peer-reviewed scientific papers related to this thread begins a little more than 3/4 way down page 22, and continues until a little more than 1/2 down page 23. Every paper listed either cites the author of this thread, or was published by the author himself. Science is not a paper. Science does not use consensus. There is no voting bloc in science. Buzzword fallacies. No plant affects climate. Climate cannot change. The Parrot Killer Debunked in my sig. - tmiddles Google keeps track of paranoid talk and i'm not on their list. I've been evaluated and certified. - keepit nuclear powered ships do not require nuclear fuel. - Swan While it is true that fossils do not burn it is also true that fossil fuels burn very well - Swan

Page 23 of 36

Join the debate Maximizing Carbon Sequestration in Terrestrial Agroecosystems:

Threads	Replies	Last post
Carbon losses from soil predicted to enhance climate change	229	26-05-2026 20:18
Maximizing Carbon Sequestration in Wetlands	171	30-10-2025 23:29
Our Friend the Beaver: Carbon Sequestration, Alkalinity Generation, and the "Extended" Phenotyp	83	23-10-2025 18:40
carbon footprint	175	20-05-2024 21:13
Happy fourth of July. I wonder how many liberals are eating carbon cooked burgers	1	06-07-2023 23:52